Merge pull request #3923 from kad-link/ci/windows-smoke

CI: add dev-only Windows smoke workflow

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+## Summary
+<!-- Describe the purpose of your pull request and, if present, link to existing issues. -->
+
+## AI usage
+<!-- Please list where and to what extent AI was used. -->
+
+## Contributor guidelines (mandatory)
+<!-- We only accept pull requests that follow our guidelines. A deliberate violation may result in a ban. -->
+
+- [ ] I have adhered to the [coding style](https://github.com/osm-search/Nominatim/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#coding-style)
+- [ ] I have [tested](https://github.com/osm-search/Nominatim/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#testing) the proposed changes
+- [ ] I have [disclosed](https://github.com/osm-search/Nominatim/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#using-ai-assisted-code-generators) above any use of AI to generate code, documentation, or the pull request description

.github/actions/setup-postgresql-windows/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+name: 'Setup Postgresql and Postgis on Windows'
+
+description: 'Installs PostgreSQL and PostGIS for Windows and configures it for CI tests'
+
+inputs:
+    postgresql-version:
+        description: 'Version of PostgreSQL to install'
+        required: true
+
+runs:
+    using: "composite"  
+
+    steps:
+        - name: Set up PostgreSQL variables
+          shell: pwsh
+          run: |
+            $version = "${{ inputs.postgresql-version }}"
+            $root = "C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\$version"
+            $bin = "$root\bin"
+
+            echo "PGROOT=$root" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Encoding utf8 -Append
+            echo "PGBIN=$bin"   | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Encoding utf8 -Append
+
+            echo "$bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+
+        - name: Decide Postgis version (Windows)
+          id: postgis-ver
+          shell: pwsh
+          run: |
+            echo "PowerShell version: ${PSVersionTable.PSVersion}"
+            $PG_VERSION = Split-Path $env:PGROOT -Leaf
+            $postgis_page = "https://download.osgeo.org/postgis/windows/pg$PG_VERSION"
+            echo "Detecting PostGIS version from $postgis_page for PostgreSQL $PG_VERSION"
+            $pgis_bundle = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $postgis_page -ErrorAction Stop).Links.Where({$_.href -match "^postgis.*zip$"}).href
+            if (!$pgis_bundle) {
+              Write-Error "Could not find latest PostGIS version in $postgis_page that would match  ^postgis.*zip$  pattern"
+              exit 1
+            }
+            $pgis_bundle = [IO.Path]::ChangeExtension($pgis_bundle, [NullString]::Value)
+            $pgis_bundle_url = "$postgis_page/$pgis_bundle.zip"
+            Add-Content $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT "postgis_file=$pgis_bundle"
+            Add-Content $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT "postgis_bundle_url=$pgis_bundle_url"
+
+        - uses: actions/cache@v4
+          with:
+            path: |
+              C:/postgis.zip
+            key: postgis-cache-${{ steps.postgis-ver.outputs.postgis_file }}
+
+        - name: Download postgis
+          shell: pwsh
+          run: |
+            if (!(Test-Path "C:\postgis.zip")){(new-object net.webclient).DownloadFile($env:PGIS_BUNDLE_URL, "c:\postgis.zip")}
+            if (Test-path "c:\postgis_archive"){Remove-Item "c:\postgis_archive" -Recurse -Force}
+            7z x c:\postgis.zip -oc:\postgis_archive
+          env: 
+            PGIS_BUNDLE_URL: ${{ steps.postgis-ver.outputs.postgis_bundle_url }}
+
+        - name: Install postgis
+          shell: bash
+          run: |
+            echo "Root: $PGROOT, Bin: $PGBIN"
+            cp -r c:/postgis_archive/postgis-bundle-*/* "$PGROOT" 
+
+        - name: Start PostgreSQL on Windows
+          run: |
+            $pgService = Get-Service -Name postgresql*
+            Set-Service -InputObject $pgService -Status running -StartupType automatic
+            Start-Process -FilePath "$env:PGBIN\pg_isready" -Wait -PassThru
+          shell: pwsh
+
+        - name: Adapt postgresql configuration
+          shell: pwsh
+          env:
+            PGPASSWORD: root
+          run: |
+            & "$env:PGBIN\psql" -U postgres -d postgres -c "ALTER SYSTEM SET fsync = 'off';"
+            & "$env:PGBIN\psql" -U postgres -d postgres -c "ALTER SYSTEM SET synchronous_commit = 'off';"
+            & "$env:PGBIN\psql" -U postgres -d postgres -c "ALTER SYSTEM SET full_page_writes = 'off';"
+            & "$env:PGBIN\psql" -U postgres -d postgres -c "ALTER SYSTEM SET shared_buffers = '1GB';"
+            & "$env:PGBIN\psql" -U postgres -d postgres -c "ALTER SYSTEM SET port = 5432;"
+
+            Restart-Service -Name postgresql*
+            Start-Process -FilePath "$env:PGBIN\pg_isready" -Wait -PassThru
+
+        - name: Setup database users
+          shell: pwsh
+          env:
+            PGPASSWORD: root
+          run: |
+            & "$env:PGBIN\createuser" -U postgres -S www-data
+            & "$env:PGBIN\createuser" -U postgres -s runner
+        
+
+

.github/actions/setup-postgresql/action.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 name: 'Setup Postgresql and Postgis'
 
+description: 'Installs PostgreSQL and PostGIS and configures it for CI tests'
+
 inputs:
     postgresql-version:
         description: 'Version of PostgreSQL to install'

.github/workflows/ci-tests.yml

@@ -140,6 +140,65 @@ jobs:
                   ../venv/bin/python -m pytest test/bdd --nominatim-purge
               working-directory: Nominatim
 
+    tests-windows:
+        needs: create-archive
+        runs-on: windows-latest
+
+        steps:
+            - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+              with:
+                  name: full-source
+
+            - name: Unpack Nominatim
+              run: tar xf nominatim-src.tar.bz2
+
+            - uses: ./Nominatim/.github/actions/setup-postgresql-windows
+              with:
+                  postgresql-version: 17
+
+            - name: Set up Python
+              uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+              with:
+                  python-version: '3.14'
+
+            - name: Install Spatialite
+              run: |
+                  Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/windows-bin-amd64/mod_spatialite-5.1.0-win-amd64.7z" -OutFile "spatialite.7z"
+                  7z x spatialite.7z -o"C:\spatialite"
+                  echo "C:\spatialite\mod_spatialite-5.1.0-win-amd64" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+
+            - name: Install osm2pgsql
+              run: |
+                  Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://osm2pgsql.org/download/windows/osm2pgsql-latest-x64.zip" -OutFile "osm2pgsql.zip"
+                  Expand-Archive -Path "osm2pgsql.zip" -DestinationPath "C:\osm2pgsql"
+                  $BinDir = Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\osm2pgsql" -Recurse -Filter "osm2pgsql.exe" | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DirectoryName | Select-Object -First 1
+                  if (-not $BinDir) {
+                      Write-Error "Could not find osm2pgsql.exe"
+                      exit 1
+                  }
+                  echo "$BinDir" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+                  $FullExePath = Join-Path $BinDir "osm2pgsql.exe"
+                  echo "NOMINATIM_OSM2PGSQL_BINARY=$FullExePath" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Encoding utf8 -Append
+
+            - name: Set UTF-8 encoding
+              run: |
+                  echo "PYTHONUTF8=1" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+                  [System.Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
+
+            - name: Install PyICU from wheel
+              run: |
+                  python -m pip install https://github.com/cgohlke/pyicu-build/releases/download/v2.16.0/pyicu-2.16-cp314-cp314-win_amd64.whl
+                  
+            - name: Install test prerequisites
+              run: |
+                  python -m pip install -U pip
+                  python -m pip install pytest pytest-asyncio "psycopg[binary]!=3.3.0" python-dotenv pyyaml jinja2 psutil sqlalchemy pytest-bdd falcon starlette uvicorn asgi_lifespan aiosqlite osmium mwparserfromhell
+
+            - name: Python unit tests
+              run: |
+                  python -m pytest test/python -k "not (import_osm or run_osm2pgsql)"
+              working-directory: Nominatim
+
     install:
         runs-on: ubuntu-latest
         needs: create-archive

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 Bugs can be reported at https://github.com/openstreetmap/Nominatim/issues.
 Please always open a separate issue for each problem. In particular, do
-not add your bugs to closed issues. They may looks similar to you but
+not add your bugs to closed issues. They may look similar to you but
 often are completely different from the maintainer's point of view.
 
 ## Workflow for Pull Requests
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ that you are responsible for your pull requests. You should be prepared
 to get change requests because as the maintainers we have to make sure
 that your contribution fits well with the rest of the code. Please make
 sure that you have time to react to these comments and amend the code or
-engage in a conversion. Do not expect that others will pick up your code,
+engage in a conversation. Do not expect that others will pick up your code,
 it will almost never happen.
 
 Please open a separate pull request for each issue you want to address.
@@ -38,10 +38,19 @@ description or in documentation need to
 1. clearly mark the AI-generated sections as such, for example, by
    mentioning all use of AI in the PR description, and
 2. include proof that you have run the generated code on an actual
-   installation of Nominatim. Adding and excuting tests will not be
+   installation of Nominatim. Adding and executing tests will not be
    sufficient. You need to show that the code actually solves the problem
    the PR claims to solve.
 
+## Getting Started with Development
+
+Please see the development section of the Nominatim documentation for
+
+* [an architecture overview](https://nominatim.org/release-docs/develop/develop/overview/)
+  and backgrounds on some of the algorithms
+* [how to set up a development environment](https://nominatim.org/release-docs/develop/develop/Development-Environment/)
+* and background on [how tests are organised](https://nominatim.org/release-docs/develop/develop/Testing/)
+
 
 ## Coding style
 

docs/admin/Deployment-Python.md

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ Nominatim. Please refer to the documentation of
 [Nginx](https://nginx.org/en/docs/) for background information on how
 to configure it.
 
-!!! Note
-    Throughout this page, we assume your Nominatim project directory is
-    located in `/srv/nominatim-project`. If you have put it somewhere else,
-    you need to adjust the commands and configuration accordingly.
-
-
 ### Installing the required packages
 
+!!! warning
+    ASGI support in gunicorn requires at least version 25.0. If you need
+    to work with an older version of gunicorn, please refer to
+    [older Nominatim deployment documentation](https://nominatim.org/release-docs/5.2/admin/Deployment-Python/)
+    to learn how to run gunicorn with uvicorn.
+
 The Nominatim frontend is best run from its own virtual environment. If
 you have already created one for the database backend during the
 [installation](Installation.md#building-nominatim), you can use that. Otherwise
@@ -37,23 +37,27 @@ cd Nominatim
 ```
 
 The recommended way to deploy a Python ASGI application is to run
-the ASGI runner [uvicorn](https://www.uvicorn.org/)
-together with [gunicorn](https://gunicorn.org/) HTTP server. We use
+the [gunicorn](https://gunicorn.org/) HTTP server. We use
 Falcon here as the web framework.
 
 Add the necessary packages to your virtual environment:
 
 ``` sh
-/srv/nominatim-venv/bin/pip install falcon uvicorn gunicorn
+/srv/nominatim-venv/bin/pip install falcon gunicorn
 ```
 
 ### Setting up Nominatim as a systemd job
 
+!!! Note
+    These instructions assume your Nominatim project directory is
+    located in `/srv/nominatim-project`. If you have put it somewhere else,
+    you need to adjust the commands and configuration accordingly.
+
 Next you need to set up the service that runs the Nominatim frontend. This is
 easiest done with a systemd job.
 
 First you need to tell systemd to create a socket file to be used by
-hunicorn. Create the following file `/etc/systemd/system/nominatim.socket`:
+gunicorn. Create the following file `/etc/systemd/system/nominatim.socket`:
 
 ``` systemd
 [Unit]
@@ -81,10 +85,8 @@ Type=simple
 User=www-data
 Group=www-data
 WorkingDirectory=/srv/nominatim-project
-ExecStart=/srv/nominatim-venv/bin/gunicorn -b unix:/run/nominatim.sock -w 4 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker "nominatim_api.server.falcon.server:run_wsgi()"
+ExecStart=/srv/nominatim-venv/bin/gunicorn -b unix:/run/nominatim.sock -w 4 --worker-class asgi --protocol uwsgi --worker-connections 1000 "nominatim_api.server.falcon.server:run_wsgi()"
 ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
-StandardOutput=append:/var/log/gunicorn-nominatim.log
-StandardError=inherit
 PrivateTmp=true
 TimeoutStopSec=5
 KillMode=mixed
@@ -96,7 +98,10 @@ WantedBy=multi-user.target
 This sets up gunicorn with 4 workers (`-w 4` in ExecStart). Each worker runs
 its own Python process using
 [`NOMINATIM_API_POOL_SIZE`](../customize/Settings.md#nominatim_api_pool_size)
-connections to the database to serve requests in parallel.
+connections to the database to serve requests in parallel. The parameter
+`--worker-connections` restricts how many requests gunicorn will queue for
+each worker. This can help distribute work better when the server is under
+high load.
 
 Make the new services known to systemd and start it:
 
@@ -108,13 +113,15 @@ sudo systemctl enable nominatim.service
 sudo systemctl start nominatim.service
 ```
 
-This sets the service up, so that Nominatim is automatically started
+This sets the service up so that Nominatim is automatically started
 on reboot.
 
 ### Configuring nginx
 
 To make the service available to the world, you need to proxy it through
-nginx. Add the following definition to the default configuration:
+nginx. We use the binary uwsgi protocol to speed up communication
+between nginx and gunicorn. Add the following definition to the default
+configuration:
 
 ``` nginx
 upstream nominatim_service {
@@ -129,11 +136,8 @@ server {
     index /search;
 
     location / {
-            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
-            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
-            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
-            proxy_redirect off;
-            proxy_pass http://nominatim_service;
+        uwsgi_pass nominatim_service;
+        include uwsgi_params;
     }
 }
 ```

docs/develop/Development-Environment.md

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The easiest way, to handle these Python dependencies is to run your
 development from within a virtual environment.
 
 ```sh
-sudo apt install libsqlite3-mod-spatialite osm2pgsql \
+sudo apt install build-essential libsqlite3-mod-spatialite osm2pgsql \
                  postgresql-postgis postgresql-postgis-scripts \
                  pkg-config libicu-dev virtualenv
 ```
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ virtualenv ~/nominatim-dev-venv
 ~/nominatim-dev-venv/bin/pip install\
     psutil 'psycopg[binary]' PyICU SQLAlchemy \
     python-dotenv jinja2 pyYAML \
-    mkdocs 'mkdocstrings[python]' mkdocs-gen-files \
+    mkdocs 'mkdocstrings[python]' mkdocs-gen-files mkdocs-material \
     pytest pytest-asyncio pytest-bdd flake8 \
     types-jinja2 types-markupsafe types-psutil types-psycopg2 \
     types-pygments types-pyyaml types-requests types-ujson \
-    types-urllib3 typing-extensions unicorn falcon starlette \
+    types-urllib3 typing-extensions gunicorn falcon starlette \
     uvicorn mypy osmium aiosqlite mwparserfromhell
 ```
 

docs/mk_install_instructions.py

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ for infile in VAGRANT_PATH.glob('Install-on-*.sh'):
     outfile = f"admin/{infile.stem}.md"
     title = infile.stem.replace('-', ' ')
 
-    with mkdocs_gen_files.open(outfile, "w") as outfd, infile.open() as infd:
+    with mkdocs_gen_files.open(outfile, "w", encoding='utf-8') as outfd, \
+            infile.open(encoding='utf-8') as infd:
         print("#", title, file=outfd)
         has_empty = False
         for line in infd:

lib-sql/functions/importance.sql

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 --
 -- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 --
--- Copyright (C) 2022 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 -- For a full list of authors see the git log.
 
 -- Functions for interpreting wkipedia/wikidata tags and computing importance.
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ BEGIN
   END LOOP;
 
   -- Nothing? Then try with the wikidata tag.
-  IF result.importance is null AND extratags ? 'wikidata' THEN
+  IF extratags ? 'wikidata' THEN
     FOR match IN
 {% if 'wikimedia_importance' in db.tables %}
       SELECT * FROM wikimedia_importance
@@ -185,18 +185,18 @@ BEGIN
   END IF;
 
   -- Still nothing? Fall back to a default.
-  IF result.importance is null THEN
-    result.importance := 0.40001 - (rank_search::float / 75);
-  END IF;
+  result.importance := 0.40001 - (rank_search::float / 75);
 
 {% if 'secondary_importance' in db.tables %}
   FOR match IN
     SELECT ST_Value(rast, centroid) as importance
-    FROM secondary_importance
-    WHERE ST_Intersects(ST_ConvexHull(rast), centroid) LIMIT 1
+      FROM secondary_importance
+      WHERE ST_Intersects(ST_ConvexHull(rast), centroid) LIMIT 1
   LOOP
-    -- Secondary importance as tie breaker with 0.0001 weight.
-    result.importance := result.importance + match.importance::float / 655350000;
+    IF match.importance is not NULL THEN
+      -- Secondary importance as tie breaker with 0.0001 weight.
+      result.importance := result.importance + match.importance::float / 655350000;
+    END IF;
   END LOOP;
 {% endif %}
 

lib-sql/functions/partition-functions.sql

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 --
 -- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 --
--- Copyright (C) 2022 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 -- For a full list of authors see the git log.
 
 DROP TYPE IF EXISTS nearfeaturecentr CASCADE;
@@ -123,10 +123,12 @@ BEGIN
     RETURN TRUE;
   END IF;
 
-  IF in_rank_search <= 4 and not in_estimate THEN
-    INSERT INTO location_area_country (place_id, country_code, geometry)
-      (SELECT in_place_id, in_country_code, geom
-       FROM split_geometry(in_geometry) as geom);
+  IF in_rank_search <= 4 THEN
+    IF not in_estimate and in_country_code is not NULL THEN
+      INSERT INTO location_area_country (place_id, country_code, geometry)
+        (SELECT in_place_id, in_country_code, geom
+         FROM split_geometry(in_geometry) as geom);
+    END IF;
     RETURN TRUE;
   END IF;
 
@@ -212,7 +214,6 @@ DECLARE
 BEGIN
 {% for partition in db.partitions %}
   IF in_partition = {{ partition }} THEN
-    DELETE FROM search_name_{{ partition }} values WHERE place_id = in_place_id;
     IF in_rank_address > 0 THEN
       INSERT INTO search_name_{{ partition }} (place_id, address_rank, name_vector, centroid)
         values (in_place_id, in_rank_address, in_name_vector, in_geometry);
@@ -251,7 +252,6 @@ BEGIN
 
 {% for partition in db.partitions %}
   IF in_partition = {{ partition }} THEN
-    DELETE FROM location_road_{{ partition }} where place_id = in_place_id;
     INSERT INTO location_road_{{ partition }} (partition, place_id, country_code, geometry)
       values (in_partition, in_place_id, in_country_code, in_geometry);
     RETURN TRUE;

lib-sql/functions/place_triggers.sql

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 --
 -- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 --
--- Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 -- For a full list of authors see the git log.
 
 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION place_insert()
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ BEGIN
     -- They get their parent from the interpolation.
     UPDATE placex p SET indexed_status = 2
       FROM planet_osm_ways w
-      WHERE w.id = NEW.osm_id and p.osm_type = 'N' and p.osm_id = any(w.nodes);
+      WHERE w.id = NEW.osm_id and p.osm_type = 'N' and p.osm_id = any(w.nodes)
+            and indexed_status = 0;
 
     -- If there is already an entry in place, just update that, if necessary.
     IF existing.osm_type is not null THEN

lib-sql/functions/placex_triggers.sql

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 --
 -- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 --
--- Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 -- For a full list of authors see the git log.
 
 -- Trigger functions for the placex table.
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ DECLARE
   location RECORD;
   result prepare_update_info;
   extra_names HSTORE;
+  default_language VARCHAR(10);
 BEGIN
   IF not p.address ? '_inherited' THEN
     result.address := p.address;
@@ -85,6 +86,13 @@ BEGIN
 
     IF location.name is not NULL THEN
       {% if debug %}RAISE WARNING 'Names original: %, location: %', result.name, location.name;{% endif %}
+
+      -- Add the linked-place (e.g. city) name as a searchable placename in the default language (if any)
+      default_language := get_country_language_code(location.country_code);
+      IF default_language is not NULL AND location.name ? 'name' AND NOT location.name ? ('name:' || default_language) THEN
+        location.name := location.name || hstore('name:' || default_language, location.name->'name');
+      END IF;
+
       -- Add all names from the place nodes that deviate from the name
       -- in the relation with the prefix '_place_'. Deviation means that
       -- either the value is different or a given key is missing completely
@@ -465,7 +473,7 @@ BEGIN
     END IF;
   END LOOP;
 
-  name_vector := token_get_name_search_tokens(token_info);
+  name_vector := COALESCE(token_get_name_search_tokens(token_info), '{}'::INTEGER[]);
 
   -- Check if the parent covers all address terms.
   -- If not, create a search name entry with the house number as the name.
@@ -672,7 +680,7 @@ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION placex_insert()
   AS $$
 DECLARE
   postcode TEXT;
-  result BOOLEAN;
+  result INT;
   is_area BOOLEAN;
   country_code VARCHAR(2);
   diameter FLOAT;
@@ -777,11 +785,12 @@ BEGIN
 
 
    -- add to tables for special search
-   -- Note: won't work on initial import because the classtype tables
-   -- do not yet exist. It won't hurt either.
   classtable := 'place_classtype_' || NEW.class || '_' || NEW.type;
-  SELECT count(*)>0 FROM pg_tables WHERE tablename = classtable and schemaname = current_schema() INTO result;
-  IF result THEN
+  SELECT count(*) INTO result
+    FROM pg_tables
+    WHERE classtable NOT SIMILAR TO '%\W%'
+          AND tablename = classtable and schemaname = current_schema();
+  IF result > 0 THEN
     EXECUTE 'INSERT INTO ' || classtable::regclass || ' (place_id, centroid) VALUES ($1,$2)' 
     USING NEW.place_id, NEW.centroid;
   END IF;
@@ -840,13 +849,15 @@ BEGIN
 
   NEW.indexed_date = now();
 
-  {% if 'search_name' in db.tables %}
-    DELETE from search_name WHERE place_id = NEW.place_id;
-  {% endif %}
-  result := deleteSearchName(NEW.partition, NEW.place_id);
-  DELETE FROM place_addressline WHERE place_id = NEW.place_id;
-  result := deleteRoad(NEW.partition, NEW.place_id);
-  result := deleteLocationArea(NEW.partition, NEW.place_id, NEW.rank_search);
+  IF OLD.indexed_status > 1 THEN
+    {% if 'search_name' in db.tables %}
+      DELETE from search_name WHERE place_id = NEW.place_id;
+    {% endif %}
+    result := deleteSearchName(NEW.partition, NEW.place_id);
+    DELETE FROM place_addressline WHERE place_id = NEW.place_id;
+    result := deleteRoad(NEW.partition, NEW.place_id);
+    result := deleteLocationArea(NEW.partition, NEW.place_id, NEW.rank_search);
+  END IF;
 
   NEW.extratags := NEW.extratags - 'linked_place'::TEXT;
   IF NEW.extratags = ''::hstore THEN
@@ -859,10 +870,13 @@ BEGIN
   NEW.linked_place_id := OLD.linked_place_id;
 
   -- Remove linkage, if we have computed a different new linkee.
-  UPDATE placex SET linked_place_id = null, indexed_status = 2
-    WHERE linked_place_id = NEW.place_id
-          and (linked_place is null or place_id != linked_place);
-  -- update not necessary for osmline, cause linked_place_id does not exist
+  IF OLD.indexed_status > 1 THEN
+    UPDATE placex
+      SET linked_place_id = null,
+          indexed_status = CASE WHEN indexed_status = 0 THEN 2 ELSE indexed_status END
+      WHERE linked_place_id = NEW.place_id
+            and (linked_place is null or place_id != linked_place);
+  END IF;
 
   -- Compute a preliminary centroid.
   NEW.centroid := get_center_point(NEW.geometry);
@@ -1032,7 +1046,9 @@ BEGIN
                 LOOP
                   UPDATE placex SET linked_place_id = NEW.place_id WHERE place_id = linked_node_id;
                   {% if 'search_name' in db.tables %}
-                    DELETE FROM search_name WHERE place_id = linked_node_id;
+                    IF OLD.indexed_status > 1 THEN
+                      DELETE FROM search_name WHERE place_id = linked_node_id;
+                    END IF;
                   {% endif %}
                 END LOOP;
               END IF;
@@ -1181,11 +1197,6 @@ BEGIN
     -- reset the address rank if necessary.
     UPDATE placex set linked_place_id = NEW.place_id, indexed_status = 2
       WHERE place_id = location.place_id;
-    -- ensure that those places are not found anymore
-    {% if 'search_name' in db.tables %}
-      DELETE FROM search_name WHERE place_id = location.place_id;
-    {% endif %}
-    PERFORM deleteLocationArea(NEW.partition, location.place_id, NEW.rank_search);
 
     SELECT wikipedia, importance
       FROM compute_importance(location.extratags, NEW.country_code,
@@ -1196,7 +1207,7 @@ BEGIN
     IF linked_importance is not null AND
        (NEW.importance is null or NEW.importance < linked_importance)
     THEN
-      NEW.importance = linked_importance;
+      NEW.importance := linked_importance;
     END IF;
   ELSE
     -- No linked place? As a last resort check if the boundary is tagged with
@@ -1238,7 +1249,7 @@ BEGIN
        LIMIT 1
     LOOP
       IF location.osm_id = NEW.osm_id THEN
-        {% if debug %}RAISE WARNING 'Updating names for country '%' with: %', NEW.country_code, NEW.name;{% endif %}
+        {% if debug %}RAISE WARNING 'Updating names for country ''%'' with: %', NEW.country_code, NEW.name;{% endif %}
         UPDATE country_name SET derived_name = NEW.name WHERE country_code = NEW.country_code;
       END IF;
     END LOOP;
@@ -1277,10 +1288,10 @@ BEGIN
   NEW.postcode := coalesce(token_get_postcode(NEW.token_info), NEW.postcode);
 
   -- if we have a name add this to the name search table
-  IF NEW.name IS NOT NULL THEN
+  name_vector := token_get_name_search_tokens(NEW.token_info);
+  IF array_length(name_vector, 1) is not NULL THEN
     -- Initialise the name vector using our name
     NEW.name := add_default_place_name(NEW.country_code, NEW.name);
-    name_vector := token_get_name_search_tokens(NEW.token_info);
 
     IF NEW.rank_search <= 25 and NEW.rank_address > 0 THEN
       result := add_location(NEW.place_id, NEW.country_code, NEW.partition,
@@ -1335,15 +1346,16 @@ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION placex_delete()
   AS $$
 DECLARE
   b BOOLEAN;
+  result INT;
   classtable TEXT;
 BEGIN
   -- RAISE WARNING 'placex_delete % %',OLD.osm_type,OLD.osm_id;
 
   IF OLD.linked_place_id is null THEN
-    update placex set linked_place_id = null, indexed_status = 2 where linked_place_id = OLD.place_id and indexed_status = 0;
-    {% if debug %}RAISE WARNING 'placex_delete:01 % %',OLD.osm_type,OLD.osm_id;{% endif %}
-    update placex set linked_place_id = null where linked_place_id = OLD.place_id;
-    {% if debug %}RAISE WARNING 'placex_delete:02 % %',OLD.osm_type,OLD.osm_id;{% endif %}
+    UPDATE placex
+      SET linked_place_id = NULL,
+          indexed_status = CASE WHEN indexed_status = 0 THEN 2 ELSE indexed_status END
+      WHERE linked_place_id = OLD.place_id;
   ELSE
     update placex set indexed_status = 2 where place_id = OLD.linked_place_id and indexed_status = 0;
   END IF;
@@ -1367,6 +1379,7 @@ BEGIN
     -- reparenting also for OSM Interpolation Lines (and for Tiger?)
     update location_property_osmline set indexed_status = 2 where indexed_status = 0 and parent_place_id = OLD.place_id;
 
+    UPDATE location_postcodes SET indexed_status = 2 WHERE parent_place_id = OLD.place_id;
   END IF;
 
   {% if debug %}RAISE WARNING 'placex_delete:08 % %',OLD.osm_type,OLD.osm_id;{% endif %}
@@ -1392,15 +1405,16 @@ BEGIN
 
   -- remove from tables for special search
   classtable := 'place_classtype_' || OLD.class || '_' || OLD.type;
-  SELECT count(*)>0 FROM pg_tables WHERE tablename = classtable and schemaname = current_schema() INTO b;
-  IF b THEN
+  SELECT count(*) INTO result
+    FROM pg_tables
+    WHERE classtable NOT SIMILAR TO '%\W%'
+          AND tablename = classtable and schemaname = current_schema();
+
+  IF result > 0 THEN
     EXECUTE 'DELETE FROM ' || classtable::regclass || ' WHERE place_id = $1' USING OLD.place_id;
   END IF;
 
   {% if debug %}RAISE WARNING 'placex_delete:12 % %',OLD.osm_type,OLD.osm_id;{% endif %}
-
-  UPDATE location_postcodes SET indexed_status = 2 WHERE parent_place_id = OLD.place_id;
-
   RETURN OLD;
 
 END;

lib-sql/functions/utils.sql

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 --
 -- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 --
--- Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 -- For a full list of authors see the git log.
 
 -- Assorted helper functions for the triggers.
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ DECLARE
   r INTEGER[];
 BEGIN
   IF array_upper(a, 1) IS NULL THEN
-    RETURN b;
+    RETURN COALESCE(b, '{}'::INTEGER[]);
   END IF;
   IF array_upper(b, 1) IS NULL THEN
-    RETURN a;
+    RETURN COALESCE(a, '{}'::INTEGER[]);
   END IF;
   r := a;
-  FOR i IN 1..array_upper(b, 1) LOOP  
+  FOR i IN 1..array_upper(b, 1) LOOP
     IF NOT (ARRAY[b[i]] <@ r) THEN
       r := r || b[i];
     END IF;
@@ -368,8 +368,6 @@ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add_location(place_id BIGINT, country_code varchar(2)
 DECLARE
   postcode TEXT;
 BEGIN
-  PERFORM deleteLocationArea(partition, place_id, rank_search);
-
   -- add postcode only if it contains a single entry, i.e. ignore postcode lists
   postcode := NULL;
   IF in_postcode is not null AND in_postcode not similar to '%(,|;)%' THEN

lib-sql/grants.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+--
+-- Grant read-only access to the web user for all Nominatim tables.
+
+-- Core tables
+GRANT SELECT ON import_status TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+GRANT SELECT ON country_name TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+GRANT SELECT ON nominatim_properties TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+
+-- Location tables
+GRANT SELECT ON location_property_tiger TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+GRANT SELECT ON location_property_osmline TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+GRANT SELECT ON location_postcodes TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+
+-- Search tables
+{% if not db.reverse_only %}
+GRANT SELECT ON search_name TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+{% endif %}
+
+-- Main place tables
+GRANT SELECT ON placex TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+GRANT SELECT ON place_addressline TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+GRANT SELECT ON placex_entrance TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+
+-- Error/delete tracking tables
+GRANT SELECT ON import_polygon_error TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+GRANT SELECT ON import_polygon_delete TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+
+-- Country grid
+GRANT SELECT ON country_osm_grid TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+
+-- Tokenizer tables (word table)
+{% if 'word' in db.tables %}
+GRANT SELECT ON word TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+{% endif %}
+
+-- Special phrase tables
+{% for table in db.tables %}
+{% if table.startswith('place_classtype_') %}
+GRANT SELECT ON {{ table }} TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
+{% endif %}
+{% endfor %}

lib-sql/partition-tables.src.sql

@@ -2,36 +2,48 @@
 --
 -- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 --
--- Copyright (C) 2022 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 -- For a full list of authors see the git log.
 
 drop table IF EXISTS search_name_blank CASCADE;
 CREATE TABLE search_name_blank (
-  place_id BIGINT,
-  address_rank smallint,
-  name_vector integer[],
-  centroid GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326)
+  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  address_rank smallint NOT NULL,
+  name_vector integer[] NOT NULL,
+  centroid GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL
   );
 
-
 {% for partition in db.partitions %}
   CREATE TABLE location_area_large_{{ partition }} () INHERITS (location_area_large) {{db.tablespace.address_data}};
-  CREATE INDEX idx_location_area_large_{{ partition }}_place_id ON location_area_large_{{ partition }} USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
-  CREATE INDEX idx_location_area_large_{{ partition }}_geometry ON location_area_large_{{ partition }} USING GIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
+  CREATE INDEX idx_location_area_large_{{ partition }}_place_id
+    ON location_area_large_{{ partition }}
+    USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
+  CREATE INDEX idx_location_area_large_{{ partition }}_geometry
+    ON location_area_large_{{ partition }}
+    USING GIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
 
   CREATE TABLE search_name_{{ partition }} () INHERITS (search_name_blank) {{db.tablespace.address_data}};
-  CREATE INDEX idx_search_name_{{ partition }}_place_id ON search_name_{{ partition }} USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
-  CREATE INDEX idx_search_name_{{ partition }}_centroid_street ON search_name_{{ partition }} USING GIST (centroid) {{db.tablespace.address_index}} where address_rank between 26 and 27;
-  CREATE INDEX idx_search_name_{{ partition }}_centroid_place ON search_name_{{ partition }} USING GIST (centroid) {{db.tablespace.address_index}} where address_rank between 2 and 25;
+  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_search_name_{{ partition }}_place_id
+    ON search_name_{{ partition }}
+    USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
+  CREATE INDEX idx_search_name_{{ partition }}_centroid_street
+    ON search_name_{{ partition }} USING GIST (centroid) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+    WHERE address_rank between 26 and 27;
+  CREATE INDEX idx_search_name_{{ partition }}_centroid_place
+    ON search_name_{{ partition }} USING GIST (centroid) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+    WHERE address_rank between 2 and 25;
 
   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS location_road_{{ partition }};
   CREATE TABLE location_road_{{ partition }} (
-    place_id BIGINT,
-    partition SMALLINT,
+    place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    partition SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     country_code VARCHAR(2),
-    geometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326)
+    geometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL
     ) {{db.tablespace.address_data}};
-  CREATE INDEX idx_location_road_{{ partition }}_geometry ON location_road_{{ partition }} USING GIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
-  CREATE INDEX idx_location_road_{{ partition }}_place_id ON location_road_{{ partition }} USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
-
+  CREATE INDEX idx_location_road_{{ partition }}_geometry
+    ON location_road_{{ partition }}
+    USING GIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
+  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_location_road_{{ partition }}_place_id
+    ON location_road_{{ partition }}
+    USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
 {% endfor %}

lib-sql/tables.sql

@@ -5,291 +5,21 @@
 -- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 -- For a full list of authors see the git log.
 
-drop table if exists import_status;
-CREATE TABLE import_status (
-  lastimportdate timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
-  sequence_id integer,
-  indexed boolean
-  );
-GRANT SELECT ON import_status TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}" ;
-
-drop table if exists import_osmosis_log;
-CREATE TABLE import_osmosis_log (
-  batchend timestamp,
-  batchseq integer,
-  batchsize bigint,
-  starttime timestamp,
-  endtime timestamp,
-  event text
-  );
-
-GRANT SELECT ON TABLE country_name TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS nominatim_properties;
-CREATE TABLE nominatim_properties (
-    property TEXT NOT NULL,
-    value TEXT
-);
-GRANT SELECT ON TABLE nominatim_properties TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
-
-drop table IF EXISTS location_area CASCADE;
-CREATE TABLE location_area (
-  place_id BIGINT,
-  keywords INTEGER[],
-  partition SMALLINT,
-  rank_search SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-  rank_address SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-  country_code VARCHAR(2),
-  isguess BOOL,
-  postcode TEXT,
-  centroid GEOMETRY(Point, 4326),
-  geometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326)
-  );
-
-CREATE TABLE location_area_large () INHERITS (location_area);
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS location_area_country;
-CREATE TABLE location_area_country (
-  place_id BIGINT,
-  country_code varchar(2),
-  geometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326)
-  ) {{db.tablespace.address_data}};
-CREATE INDEX idx_location_area_country_geometry ON location_area_country USING GIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
-
-
-CREATE TABLE location_property_tiger (
-  place_id BIGINT,
-  parent_place_id BIGINT,
-  startnumber INTEGER,
-  endnumber INTEGER,
-  step SMALLINT,
-  partition SMALLINT,
-  linegeo GEOMETRY,
-  postcode TEXT);
-GRANT SELECT ON location_property_tiger TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
-
-drop table if exists location_property_osmline;
-CREATE TABLE location_property_osmline (
-    place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    osm_id BIGINT,
-    parent_place_id BIGINT,
-    geometry_sector INTEGER,
-    indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
-    startnumber INTEGER,
-    endnumber INTEGER,
-    step SMALLINT,
-    partition SMALLINT,
-    indexed_status SMALLINT,
-    linegeo GEOMETRY,
-    address HSTORE,
-    token_info JSONB, -- custom column for tokenizer use only
-    postcode TEXT,
-    country_code VARCHAR(2)
-  ){{db.tablespace.search_data}};
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_osmline_place_id ON location_property_osmline USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
-CREATE INDEX idx_osmline_geometry_sector ON location_property_osmline USING BTREE (geometry_sector) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
-CREATE INDEX idx_osmline_linegeo ON location_property_osmline USING GIST (linegeo) {{db.tablespace.search_index}}
-  WHERE startnumber is not null;
-GRANT SELECT ON location_property_osmline TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
-
-drop table IF EXISTS search_name;
-{% if not db.reverse_only %}
-CREATE TABLE search_name (
-  place_id BIGINT,
-  importance FLOAT,
-  search_rank SMALLINT,
-  address_rank SMALLINT,
-  name_vector integer[],
-  nameaddress_vector integer[],
-  country_code varchar(2),
-  centroid GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326)
-  ) {{db.tablespace.search_data}};
-CREATE INDEX idx_search_name_place_id ON search_name USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
-GRANT SELECT ON search_name to "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}" ;
-{% endif %}
-
-drop table IF EXISTS place_addressline;
-CREATE TABLE place_addressline (
-  place_id BIGINT,
-  address_place_id BIGINT,
-  distance FLOAT,
-  cached_rank_address SMALLINT,
-  fromarea boolean,
-  isaddress boolean
-  ) {{db.tablespace.search_data}};
-CREATE INDEX idx_place_addressline_place_id on place_addressline USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
-
----------  PLACEX - storage for all indexed places -----------------
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS placex;
-CREATE TABLE placex (
-  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  parent_place_id BIGINT,
-  linked_place_id BIGINT,
-  importance FLOAT,
-  indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
-  geometry_sector INTEGER,
-  rank_address SMALLINT,
-  rank_search SMALLINT,
-  partition SMALLINT,
-  indexed_status SMALLINT,
-  LIKE place INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS,
-  wikipedia TEXT, -- calculated wikipedia article name (language:title)
-  token_info JSONB, -- custom column for tokenizer use only
-  country_code varchar(2),
-  housenumber TEXT,
-  postcode TEXT,
-  centroid GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326)
-  ) {{db.tablespace.search_data}};
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_place_id ON placex USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
-{% for osm_type in ('N', 'W', 'R') %}
-CREATE INDEX idx_placex_osmid_{{osm_type | lower}} ON placex
-  USING BTREE (osm_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}}
-  WHERE osm_type = '{{osm_type}}';
-{% endfor %}
-
--- Usage: - removing linkage status on update
---        - lookup linked places for /details
-CREATE INDEX idx_placex_linked_place_id ON placex
-  USING BTREE (linked_place_id) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
-  WHERE linked_place_id IS NOT NULL;
-
--- Usage: - check that admin boundaries do not overtake each other rank-wise
---        - check that place node in a admin boundary with the same address level
---        - boundary is not completely contained in a place area
---        - parenting of large-area or unparentable features
-CREATE INDEX idx_placex_geometry_address_area_candidates ON placex
-  USING gist (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
-  WHERE rank_address between 1 and 25
-        and ST_GeometryType(geometry) in ('ST_Polygon','ST_MultiPolygon');
-
--- Usage: - POI is within building with housenumber
-CREATE INDEX idx_placex_geometry_buildings ON placex
-  USING SPGIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
-  WHERE address is not null and rank_search = 30
-        and ST_GeometryType(geometry) in ('ST_Polygon','ST_MultiPolygon');
-
--- Usage: - linking of similar named places to boundaries
---        - linking of place nodes with same type to boundaries
-CREATE INDEX idx_placex_geometry_placenode ON placex
-  USING SPGIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
-  WHERE osm_type = 'N' and rank_search < 26 and class = 'place';
-
--- Usage: - is node part of a way?
---        - find parent of interpolation spatially
-CREATE INDEX idx_placex_geometry_lower_rank_ways ON placex
-  USING SPGIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
-  WHERE osm_type = 'W' and rank_search >= 26;
-
--- Usage: - linking place nodes by wikidata tag to boundaries
-CREATE INDEX idx_placex_wikidata on placex
-  USING BTREE ((extratags -> 'wikidata')) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
-  WHERE extratags ? 'wikidata' and class = 'place'
-        and osm_type = 'N' and rank_search < 26;
-
--- The following two indexes function as a todo list for indexing.
-
-CREATE INDEX idx_placex_rank_address_sector ON placex
-  USING BTREE (rank_address, geometry_sector) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
-  WHERE indexed_status > 0;
-
-CREATE INDEX idx_placex_rank_boundaries_sector ON placex
-  USING BTREE (rank_search, geometry_sector) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
-  WHERE class = 'boundary' and type = 'administrative'
-        and indexed_status > 0;
-
-
 DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS seq_place;
 CREATE SEQUENCE seq_place start 1;
-GRANT SELECT on placex to "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}" ;
-GRANT SELECT on place_addressline to "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}" ;
-GRANT SELECT ON planet_osm_ways to "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}" ;
-GRANT SELECT ON planet_osm_rels to "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}" ;
-GRANT SELECT on location_area to "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}" ;
 
--- Table for synthetic postcodes.
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS location_postcodes;
-CREATE TABLE location_postcodes (
-  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  parent_place_id BIGINT,
-  osm_id BIGINT,
-  rank_search SMALLINT,
-  indexed_status SMALLINT,
-  indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
-  country_code varchar(2),
-  postcode TEXT NOT NULL,
-  centroid GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL,
-  geometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL
-  );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_location_postcodes_id ON location_postcodes
-  USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
-CREATE INDEX idx_location_postcodes_geometry ON location_postcodes
-  USING GIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_location_postcodes_postcode
-  ON location_postcodes USING BTREE (postcode, country_code)
-  {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_location_postcodes_osmid
-  ON location_postcodes USING BTREE (osm_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
-GRANT SELECT ON location_postcodes TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}" ;
-
--- Table to store location of entrance nodes
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS placex_entrance;
-CREATE TABLE placex_entrance (
-  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  osm_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  type TEXT NOT NULL,
-  location GEOMETRY(Point, 4326) NOT NULL,
-  extratags HSTORE
-  );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_placex_entrance_place_id_osm_id ON placex_entrance
-  USING BTREE (place_id, osm_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
-GRANT SELECT ON placex_entrance TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}" ;
-
--- Create an index on the place table for lookups to populate the entrance
--- table
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_placex_entrance_lookup ON place
-  USING BTREE (osm_id)
-  WHERE class IN ('routing:entrance', 'entrance');
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS import_polygon_error;
-CREATE TABLE import_polygon_error (
-  osm_id BIGINT,
-  osm_type CHAR(1),
-  class TEXT NOT NULL,
-  type TEXT NOT NULL,
-  name HSTORE,
-  country_code varchar(2),
-  updated timestamp,
-  errormessage text,
-  prevgeometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326),
-  newgeometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326)
-  );
-CREATE INDEX idx_import_polygon_error_osmid ON import_polygon_error USING BTREE (osm_type, osm_id);
-GRANT SELECT ON import_polygon_error TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS import_polygon_delete;
-CREATE TABLE import_polygon_delete (
-  osm_id BIGINT,
-  osm_type CHAR(1),
-  class TEXT NOT NULL,
-  type TEXT NOT NULL
-  );
-CREATE INDEX idx_import_polygon_delete_osmid ON import_polygon_delete USING BTREE (osm_type, osm_id);
-GRANT SELECT ON import_polygon_delete TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";
-
-DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS file;
-CREATE SEQUENCE file start 1;
-
-{% if 'wikimedia_importance' not in db.tables and 'wikipedia_article' not in db.tables %}
--- create dummy tables here, if nothing was imported
-CREATE TABLE wikimedia_importance (
-  language TEXT NOT NULL,
-  title TEXT NOT NULL,
-  importance double precision NOT NULL,
-  wikidata TEXT
-)  {{db.tablespace.address_data}};
-{% endif %}
+{% include('tables/status.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/nominatim_properties.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/location_area.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/tiger.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/interpolation.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/search_name.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/addressline.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/placex.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/postcodes.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/entrance.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/import_reports.sql') %}
+{% include('tables/importance_tables.sql') %}
 
 -- osm2pgsql does not create indexes on the middle tables for Nominatim
 -- Add one for lookup of associated street relations.
@@ -307,5 +37,3 @@ CREATE INDEX planet_osm_rels_relation_members_idx ON planet_osm_rels USING gin(p
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_place_interpolations
     ON place USING gist(geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
     WHERE osm_type = 'W' and address ? 'interpolation';
-
-GRANT SELECT ON table country_osm_grid to "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}";

lib-sql/tables/addressline.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS place_addressline;
+
+CREATE TABLE place_addressline (
+  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  address_place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  distance FLOAT NOT NULL,
+  cached_rank_address SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  fromarea boolean NOT NULL,
+  isaddress boolean NOT NULL
+  ) {{db.tablespace.search_data}};
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_place_addressline_place_id ON place_addressline
+  USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};

lib-sql/tables/entrance.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+-- Table to store location of entrance nodes
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS placex_entrance;
+
+CREATE TABLE placex_entrance (
+  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  osm_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  type TEXT NOT NULL,
+  location GEOMETRY(Point, 4326) NOT NULL,
+  extratags HSTORE
+  );
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_placex_entrance_place_id_osm_id ON placex_entrance
+  USING BTREE (place_id, osm_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};

lib-sql/tables/import_reports.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS import_polygon_error;
+CREATE TABLE import_polygon_error (
+  osm_id BIGINT,
+  osm_type CHAR(1),
+  class TEXT NOT NULL,
+  type TEXT NOT NULL,
+  name HSTORE,
+  country_code varchar(2),
+  updated timestamp,
+  errormessage text,
+  prevgeometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326),
+  newgeometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326)
+  );
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_import_polygon_error_osmid ON import_polygon_error
+  USING BTREE (osm_type, osm_id);
+
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS import_polygon_delete;
+CREATE TABLE import_polygon_delete (
+  osm_id BIGINT,
+  osm_type CHAR(1),
+  class TEXT NOT NULL,
+  type TEXT NOT NULL
+  );
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_import_polygon_delete_osmid ON import_polygon_delete
+  USING BTREE (osm_type, osm_id);

lib-sql/tables/importance_tables.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+{% if 'wikimedia_importance' not in db.tables and 'wikipedia_article' not in db.tables %}
+-- create dummy tables here if nothing was imported
+CREATE TABLE wikimedia_importance (
+  language TEXT NOT NULL,
+  title TEXT NOT NULL,
+  importance double precision NOT NULL,
+  wikidata TEXT
+)  {{db.tablespace.address_data}};
+{% endif %}

lib-sql/tables/interpolation.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS location_property_osmline;
+CREATE TABLE location_property_osmline (
+    place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    osm_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    parent_place_id BIGINT,
+    geometry_sector INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
+    startnumber INTEGER,
+    endnumber INTEGER,
+    step SMALLINT,
+    partition SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+    indexed_status SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+    linegeo GEOMETRY NOT NULL,
+    address HSTORE,
+    token_info JSONB, -- custom column for tokenizer use only
+    postcode TEXT,
+    country_code VARCHAR(2)
+  ){{db.tablespace.search_data}};
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_osmline_place_id ON location_property_osmline
+  USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
+CREATE INDEX idx_osmline_geometry_sector ON location_property_osmline
+  USING BTREE (geometry_sector) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};
+CREATE INDEX idx_osmline_linegeo ON location_property_osmline
+  USING GIST (linegeo) {{db.tablespace.search_index}}
+  WHERE startnumber is not null;
+

lib-sql/tables/location_area.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS location_area CASCADE;
+CREATE TABLE location_area (
+  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  keywords INTEGER[] NOT NULL,
+  partition SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  rank_search SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  rank_address SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  country_code VARCHAR(2),
+  isguess BOOL NOT NULL,
+  postcode TEXT,
+  centroid GEOMETRY(Point, 4326) NOT NULL,
+  geometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL
+  );
+
+CREATE TABLE location_area_large () INHERITS (location_area);
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS location_area_country;
+CREATE TABLE location_area_country (
+  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  country_code varchar(2) NOT NULL,
+  geometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL
+  ) {{db.tablespace.address_data}};
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_location_area_country_geometry ON location_area_country
+  USING GIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}};

lib-sql/tables/nominatim_properties.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS nominatim_properties;
+CREATE TABLE nominatim_properties (
+    property TEXT NOT NULL,
+    value TEXT
+);

lib-sql/tables/placex.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+-- placex - main table for searchable places
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS placex;
+CREATE TABLE placex (
+  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  parent_place_id BIGINT,
+  linked_place_id BIGINT,
+  importance FLOAT,
+  indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
+  geometry_sector INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  rank_address SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  rank_search SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  partition SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  indexed_status SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  LIKE place INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS,
+  wikipedia TEXT, -- calculated wikipedia article name (language:title)
+  token_info JSONB, -- custom column for tokenizer use only
+  country_code varchar(2),
+  housenumber TEXT,
+  postcode TEXT,
+  centroid GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL
+  ) {{db.tablespace.search_data}};
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_place_id ON placex USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
+{% for osm_type in ('N', 'W', 'R') %}
+CREATE INDEX idx_placex_osmid_{{osm_type | lower}} ON placex
+  USING BTREE (osm_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}}
+  WHERE osm_type = '{{osm_type}}';
+{% endfor %}
+
+-- Usage: - removing linkage status on update
+--        - lookup linked places for /details
+CREATE INDEX idx_placex_linked_place_id ON placex
+  USING BTREE (linked_place_id) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+  WHERE linked_place_id IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- Usage: - check that admin boundaries do not overtake each other rank-wise
+--        - check that place node in a admin boundary with the same address level
+--        - boundary is not completely contained in a place area
+--        - parenting of large-area or unparentable features
+CREATE INDEX idx_placex_geometry_address_area_candidates ON placex
+  USING gist (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+  WHERE rank_address between 1 and 25
+        and ST_GeometryType(geometry) in ('ST_Polygon','ST_MultiPolygon');
+
+-- Usage: - POI is within building with housenumber
+CREATE INDEX idx_placex_geometry_buildings ON placex
+  USING SPGIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+  WHERE address is not null and rank_search = 30
+        and ST_GeometryType(geometry) in ('ST_Polygon','ST_MultiPolygon');
+
+-- Usage: - linking of similar named places to boundaries
+--        - linking of place nodes with same type to boundaries
+CREATE INDEX idx_placex_geometry_placenode ON placex
+  USING SPGIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+  WHERE osm_type = 'N' and rank_search < 26 and class = 'place';
+
+-- Usage: - is node part of a way?
+--        - find parent of interpolation spatially
+CREATE INDEX idx_placex_geometry_lower_rank_ways ON placex
+  USING SPGIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+  WHERE osm_type = 'W' and rank_search >= 26;
+
+-- Usage: - linking place nodes by wikidata tag to boundaries
+CREATE INDEX idx_placex_wikidata on placex
+  USING BTREE ((extratags -> 'wikidata')) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+  WHERE extratags ? 'wikidata' and class = 'place'
+        and osm_type = 'N' and rank_search < 26;
+
+-- The following two indexes function as a todo list for indexing.
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_placex_rank_address_sector ON placex
+  USING BTREE (rank_address, geometry_sector) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+  WHERE indexed_status > 0;
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_placex_rank_boundaries_sector ON placex
+  USING BTREE (rank_search, geometry_sector) {{db.tablespace.address_index}}
+  WHERE class = 'boundary' and type = 'administrative'
+        and indexed_status > 0;
+

lib-sql/tables/postcodes.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS location_postcodes;
+CREATE TABLE location_postcodes (
+  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  parent_place_id BIGINT,
+  osm_id BIGINT,
+  rank_search SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  indexed_status SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
+  country_code varchar(2) NOT NULL,
+  postcode TEXT NOT NULL,
+  centroid GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL,
+  geometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL
+  );
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_location_postcodes_id ON location_postcodes
+  USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
+CREATE INDEX idx_location_postcodes_geometry ON location_postcodes
+  USING GIST (geometry) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_location_postcodes_postcode ON location_postcodes
+  USING BTREE (postcode, country_code) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_location_postcodes_osmid ON location_postcodes
+  USING BTREE (osm_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
+

lib-sql/tables/search_name.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS search_name;
+
+{% if not create_reverse_only %}
+
+CREATE TABLE search_name (
+  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  importance FLOAT NOT NULL,
+  search_rank SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  address_rank SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  name_vector integer[] NOT NULL,
+  nameaddress_vector integer[] NOT NULL,
+  country_code varchar(2),
+  centroid GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326) NOT NULL
+  ) {{db.tablespace.search_data}};
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_search_name_place_id
+  ON search_name USING BTREE (place_id) {{db.tablespace.search_index}};
+
+{% endif %}

lib-sql/tables/status.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS import_status;
+CREATE TABLE import_status (
+  lastimportdate TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL,
+  sequence_id INTEGER,
+  indexed BOOLEAN
+  );
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS import_osmosis_log;
+CREATE TABLE import_osmosis_log (
+  batchend TIMESTAMP,
+  batchseq INTEGER,
+  batchsize BIGINT,
+  starttime TIMESTAMP,
+  endtime TIMESTAMP,
+  event TEXT
+  );

lib-sql/tables/tiger.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+--
+-- This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+-- For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS location_property_tiger;
+CREATE TABLE location_property_tiger (
+  place_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  parent_place_id BIGINT,
+  startnumber INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  endnumber INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  step SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  partition SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  linegeo GEOMETRY NOT NULL,
+  postcode TEXT);

lib-sql/tiger_import_start.sql

@@ -15,6 +15,99 @@ CREATE TABLE location_property_tiger_import (
   step SMALLINT,
   postcode TEXT);
 
+
+-- Lookup functions for tiger import when update 
+-- tables are dropped (see gh-issue #2463)
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getNearestNamedRoadPlaceIdSlow(in_centroid GEOMETRY,
+                                                      in_token_info JSONB)
+  RETURNS BIGINT
+  AS $$
+DECLARE
+  out_place_id BIGINT;
+
+BEGIN
+  SELECT place_id INTO out_place_id 
+    FROM search_name
+    WHERE 
+        -- finds rows where name_vector shares elements with search tokens.
+        token_matches_street(in_token_info, name_vector)
+        -- limits search area
+        AND centroid && ST_Expand(in_centroid, 0.015) 
+        AND address_rank BETWEEN 26 AND 27
+    ORDER BY ST_Distance(centroid, in_centroid) ASC 
+    LIMIT 1;
+
+  RETURN out_place_id;
+END
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getNearestParallelRoadFeatureSlow(line GEOMETRY)
+  RETURNS BIGINT
+  AS $$
+DECLARE
+  r RECORD;
+  search_diameter FLOAT;
+  p1 GEOMETRY;
+  p2 GEOMETRY;
+  p3 GEOMETRY;
+
+BEGIN
+  IF ST_GeometryType(line) not in ('ST_LineString') THEN
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END IF;
+
+  p1 := ST_LineInterpolatePoint(line,0);
+  p2 := ST_LineInterpolatePoint(line,0.5);
+  p3 := ST_LineInterpolatePoint(line,1);
+
+    search_diameter := 0.0005;
+    WHILE search_diameter < 0.01 LOOP
+      FOR r IN
+        SELECT place_id FROM placex
+          WHERE ST_DWithin(line, geometry, search_diameter)
+          AND rank_address BETWEEN 26 AND 27
+          ORDER BY (ST_distance(geometry, p1)+
+                    ST_distance(geometry, p2)+
+                    ST_distance(geometry, p3)) ASC limit 1
+      LOOP
+        RETURN r.place_id;
+      END LOOP;
+      search_diameter := search_diameter * 2;
+    END LOOP;
+    RETURN NULL;
+END
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getNearestRoadPlaceIdSlow(point GEOMETRY)
+  RETURNS BIGINT
+  AS $$
+DECLARE
+  r RECORD;
+  search_diameter FLOAT;
+BEGIN
+    search_diameter := 0.00005;
+    WHILE search_diameter < 0.1 LOOP
+      FOR r IN
+        SELECT place_id FROM placex
+          WHERE ST_DWithin(geometry, point, search_diameter)
+          AND rank_address BETWEEN 26 AND 27
+          ORDER BY ST_Distance(geometry, point) ASC limit 1
+      LOOP
+        RETURN r.place_id;
+      END LOOP;
+      search_diameter := search_diameter * 2;
+    END LOOP;
+    RETURN NULL;
+END
+$$
+LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+
+-- Tiger import function
 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tiger_line_import(linegeo GEOMETRY, in_startnumber INTEGER,
                                              in_endnumber INTEGER, interpolationtype TEXT,
                                              token_info JSONB, in_postcode TEXT) RETURNS INTEGER
@@ -71,28 +164,51 @@ BEGIN
   place_centroid := ST_Centroid(linegeo);
   out_partition := get_partition('us');
 
-  out_parent_place_id := getNearestNamedRoadPlaceId(out_partition, place_centroid,
+  -- HYBRID LOOKUP LOGIC (see gh-issue #2463)
+  -- if partition tables exist, use them for fast spatial lookups
+  {% if 'location_road_0' in db.tables %}
+    out_parent_place_id := getNearestNamedRoadPlaceId(out_partition, place_centroid,
                                                     token_info);
 
-  IF out_parent_place_id IS NULL THEN
-    SELECT getNearestParallelRoadFeature(out_partition, linegeo)
-      INTO out_parent_place_id;
+    IF out_parent_place_id IS NULL THEN
+      SELECT getNearestParallelRoadFeature(out_partition, linegeo)
+        INTO out_parent_place_id;
+    END IF;
+
+    IF out_parent_place_id IS NULL THEN
+      SELECT getNearestRoadPlaceId(out_partition, place_centroid)
+        INTO out_parent_place_id;
+    END IF;
+
+  -- When updatable information has been dropped:
+  -- Partition tables no longer exist, but search_name still persists.
+  {% elif 'search_name' in db.tables %}
+    -- Fallback: Look up in 'search_name' table 
+    -- though spatial lookups here can be slower.
+    out_parent_place_id := getNearestNamedRoadPlaceIdSlow(place_centroid, token_info);
+
+    IF out_parent_place_id IS NULL THEN
+      out_parent_place_id := getNearestParallelRoadFeatureSlow(linegeo);
+    END IF;
+
+    IF out_parent_place_id IS NULL THEN
+      out_parent_place_id := getNearestRoadPlaceIdSlow(place_centroid);
+    END IF;
+  {% endif %}
+
+  -- If parent was found, insert street(line) into import table
+  IF out_parent_place_id IS NOT NULL THEN
+    INSERT INTO location_property_tiger_import (linegeo, place_id, partition,
+                                                parent_place_id, startnumber, endnumber,
+                                                step, postcode)
+    VALUES (linegeo, nextval('seq_place'), out_partition,
+            out_parent_place_id, startnumber, endnumber,
+            stepsize, in_postcode);
+
+    RETURN 1;
   END IF;
+  RETURN 0;
 
-  IF out_parent_place_id IS NULL THEN
-    SELECT getNearestRoadPlaceId(out_partition, place_centroid)
-      INTO out_parent_place_id;
-  END IF;
-
---insert street(line) into import table
-insert into location_property_tiger_import (linegeo, place_id, partition,
-                                            parent_place_id, startnumber, endnumber,
-                                            step, postcode)
-values (linegeo, nextval('seq_place'), out_partition,
-        out_parent_place_id, startnumber, endnumber,
-        stepsize, in_postcode);
-
-  RETURN 1;
 END;
 $$
 LANGUAGE plpgsql;

packaging/nominatim-api/README.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ an ASGI-capable server like uvicorn. To install them from pypi run:
 You need to have a Nominatim database imported with the 'nominatim-db'
 package. Go to the project directory, then run uvicorn as:
 
-    uvicorn --factory nominatim.server.falcon.server:run_wsgi
+    uvicorn --factory nominatim_api.server.falcon.server:run_wsgi
 
 ## Documentation
 

src/nominatim_api/result_formatting.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class FormatDispatcher:
         return decorator
 
     def error_format_func(self, func: ErrorFormatFunc) -> ErrorFormatFunc:
-        """ Decorator for a function that formats error messges.
+        """ Decorator for a function that formats error messages.
             There is only one error formatter per dispatcher. Using
             the decorator repeatedly will overwrite previous functions.
         """
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class FormatDispatcher:
     def set_content_type(self, fmt: str, content_type: str) -> None:
         """ Set the content type for the given format. This is the string
             that will be returned in the Content-Type header of the HTML
-            response, when the given format is choosen.
+            response, when the given format is chosen.
         """
         self.content_types[fmt] = content_type
 

src/nominatim_api/search/db_search_fields.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class CountedTokenIDs:
     """ A list of token IDs with their respective counts, sorted
         from least frequent to most frequent.
 
-        If a token count is one, then statistics are likely to be unavaible
+        If a token count is one, then statistics are likely to be unavailable
         and a relatively high count is assumed instead.
     """
 

src/nominatim_api/search/query.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import dataclasses
 # The x value for the regression computation will be the position of the
 # token in the query. Thus we know the x values will be [0, query length).
 # As the denominator only depends on the x values, we can pre-compute here
-# the denominatior to use for a given query length.
+# the denominator to use for a given query length.
 # Note that query length of two or less is special cased and will not use
 # the values from this array. Thus it is not a problem that they are 0.
 LINFAC = [i * (sum(si * si for si in range(i)) - (i - 1) * i * (i - 1) / 4)
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class Token(ABC):
 
     @abstractmethod
     def get_country(self) -> str:
-        """ Return the country code this tojen is associated with
+        """ Return the country code this token is associated with
             (currently for country tokens only).
         """
 
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class QueryNode:
         return max(0, -self.penalty)
 
     def name_address_ratio(self) -> float:
-        """ Return the propability that the partial token belonging to
+        """ Return the probability that the partial token belonging to
             this node forms part of a name (as opposed of part of the address).
         """
         if self.partial is None:
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class QueryStruct:
         directed acyclic graph.
 
         A query also has a direction penalty 'dir_penalty'. This describes
-        the likelyhood if the query should be read from left-to-right or
+        the likelihood if the query should be read from left-to-right or
         vice versa. A negative 'dir_penalty' should be read as a penalty on
         right-to-left reading, while a positive value represents a penalty
         for left-to-right reading. The default value is 0, which is equivalent

src/nominatim_api/server/starlette/server.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class ParamWrapper(ASGIAdaptor):
                              headers={'content-type': self.content_type})
 
     def create_response(self, status: int, output: str, num_results: int) -> Response:
-        self.request.state.num_results = num_results
+        setattr(self.request.state, 'num_results', num_results)
         return Response(output, status_code=status, media_type=self.content_type)
 
     def base_uri(self) -> str:
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class FileLoggingMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
     async def dispatch(self, request: Request,
                        call_next: RequestResponseEndpoint) -> Response:
         qs = QueryStatistics()
-        request.state.query_stats = qs
+        setattr(request.state, 'query_stats', qs)
         response = await call_next(request)
 
         if response.status_code != 200 or 'start' not in qs:

src/nominatim_api/v1/server_glue.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Generic part of the server implementation of the v1 API.
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ async def reverse_endpoint(api: NominatimAPIAsync, params: ASGIAdaptor) -> Any:
     details['max_rank'] = helpers.zoom_to_rank(params.get_int('zoom', 18))
     details['layers'] = get_layers(params)
     details['query_stats'] = params.query_stats()
+    details['entrances'] = params.get_bool('entrances', False)
 
     result = await api.reverse(coord, **details)
 
@@ -238,6 +239,7 @@ async def lookup_endpoint(api: NominatimAPIAsync, params: ASGIAdaptor) -> Any:
     debug = setup_debugging(params)
     details = parse_geometry_details(params, fmt)
     details['query_stats'] = params.query_stats()
+    details['entrances'] = params.get_bool('entrances', False)
 
     places = []
     for oid in (params.get('osm_ids') or '').split(','):

src/nominatim_db/clicmd/add_data.py

@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ class UpdateAddData:
     def run(self, args: NominatimArgs) -> int:
         from ..tools import add_osm_data
 
+        if args.tiger_data:
+            return asyncio.run(self._add_tiger_data(args))
+
         with connect(args.config.get_libpq_dsn()) as conn:
             if is_frozen(conn):
                 print('Database is marked frozen. New data can\'t be added.')
                 return 1
 
-        if args.tiger_data:
-            return asyncio.run(self._add_tiger_data(args))
-
         osm2pgsql_params = args.osm2pgsql_options(default_cache=1000, default_threads=1)
         if args.file or args.diff:
             return add_osm_data.add_data_from_file(args.config.get_libpq_dsn(),

src/nominatim_db/clicmd/api.py

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def _get_locales(args: NominatimArgs, config: Configuration) -> napi.Locales:
     return napi.Locales()
 
 
-def _get_layers(args: NominatimArgs, default: napi.DataLayer) -> Optional[napi.DataLayer]:
+def _get_layers(args: NominatimArgs, default: Optional[napi.DataLayer]) -> Optional[napi.DataLayer]:
     """ Get the list of selected layers as a DataLayer enum.
     """
     if not args.layers:
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def _print_output(formatter: napi.FormatDispatcher, result: Any,
                 json.dump(json.loads(output), sys.stdout, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
             except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError as err:
                 # Catch the error here, so that data can be debugged,
-                # when people are developping custom result formatters.
+                # when people are developing custom result formatters.
                 LOG.fatal("Parsing json failed: %s\nUnformatted output:\n%s", err, output)
         else:
             sys.stdout.write(output)
@@ -173,6 +173,10 @@ class APISearch:
                            help='Preferred area to find search results')
         group.add_argument('--bounded', action='store_true',
                            help='Strictly restrict results to viewbox area')
+        group.add_argument('--layer', metavar='LAYER',
+                           choices=[n.name.lower() for n in napi.DataLayer if n.name],
+                           action='append', required=False, dest='layers',
+                           help='Restrict results to one or more layers (may be repeated)')
         group.add_argument('--no-dedupe', action='store_false', dest='dedupe',
                            help='Do not remove duplicates from the result list')
         _add_list_format(parser)
@@ -189,6 +193,8 @@ class APISearch:
             raise UsageError(f"Unsupported format '{args.format}'. "
                              'Use --list-formats to see supported formats.')
 
+        layers = _get_layers(args, None)
+
         try:
             with napi.NominatimAPI(args.project_dir) as api:
                 params: Dict[str, Any] = {'max_results': args.limit + min(args.limit, 10),
@@ -199,6 +205,7 @@ class APISearch:
                                           'excluded': args.exclude_place_ids,
                                           'viewbox': args.viewbox,
                                           'bounded_viewbox': args.bounded,
+                                          'layers': layers,
                                           'entrances': args.entrances,
                                           }
 
@@ -255,7 +262,7 @@ class APIReverse:
         group.add_argument('--layer', metavar='LAYER',
                            choices=[n.name.lower() for n in napi.DataLayer if n.name],
                            action='append', required=False, dest='layers',
-                           help='OSM id to lookup in format <NRW><id> (may be repeated)')
+                           help='Restrict results to one or more layers (may be repeated)')
 
         _add_api_output_arguments(parser)
         _add_list_format(parser)

src/nominatim_db/clicmd/args.py

@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ class NominatimArgs:
     enable_debug_statements: bool
     data_object: Sequence[Tuple[str, int]]
     data_area: Sequence[Tuple[str, int]]
+    ro_access: bool
 
     # Arguments to 'replication'
     init: bool

src/nominatim_db/clicmd/refresh.py

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ class UpdateRefresh:
                            help='Update secondary importance raster data')
         group.add_argument('--importance', action='store_true',
                            help='Recompute place importances (expensive!)')
+        group.add_argument('--ro-access', action='store_true',
+                           help='Grant read-only access to web user for all tables')
         group.add_argument('--website', action='store_true',
                            help='DEPRECATED. This function has no function anymore'
                                 ' and will be removed in a future version.')
@@ -159,6 +161,11 @@ class UpdateRefresh:
             LOG.error('WARNING: Website setup is no longer required. '
                       'This function will be removed in future version of Nominatim.')
 
+        if args.ro_access:
+            from ..tools import admin
+            LOG.warning('Grant read-only access to web user')
+            admin.grant_ro_access(args.config.get_libpq_dsn(), args.config)
+
         if args.data_object or args.data_area:
             with connect(args.config.get_libpq_dsn()) as conn:
                 for obj in args.data_object or []:

src/nominatim_db/config.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Nominatim configuration accessor.
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import importlib.util
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
+import re
 from pathlib import Path
 import json
 import yaml
@@ -80,6 +81,10 @@ class Configuration:
         self.lib_dir = _LibDirs()
         self._private_plugins: Dict[str, object] = {}
 
+        if re.fullmatch(r'[\w-]+', self.DATABASE_WEBUSER) is None:
+            raise UsageError("Misconfigured DATABASE_WEBUSER. "
+                             "Only alphnumberic characters, - and _ are allowed.")
+
     def set_libdirs(self, **kwargs: StrPath) -> None:
         """ Set paths to library functions and data.
         """

src/nominatim_db/db/query_pool.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2024 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 A connection pool that executes incoming queries in parallel.
@@ -27,20 +27,30 @@ class QueryPool:
         The results of the queries is discarded.
     """
     def __init__(self, dsn: str, pool_size: int = 1, **conn_args: Any) -> None:
+        self.is_cancelled = False
         self.wait_time = 0.0
         self.query_queue: 'asyncio.Queue[QueueItem]' = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=2 * pool_size)
 
-        self.pool = [asyncio.create_task(self._worker_loop(dsn, **conn_args))
+        self.pool = [asyncio.create_task(self._worker_loop_cancellable(dsn, **conn_args))
                      for _ in range(pool_size)]
 
     async def put_query(self, query: psycopg.abc.Query, params: Any) -> None:
         """ Schedule a query for execution.
         """
+        if self.is_cancelled:
+            self.clear_queue()
+            await self.finish()
+            return
+
         tstart = time.time()
         await self.query_queue.put((query, params))
         self.wait_time += time.time() - tstart
         await asyncio.sleep(0)
 
+        if self.is_cancelled:
+            self.clear_queue()
+            await self.finish()
+
     async def finish(self) -> None:
         """ Wait for all queries to finish and close the pool.
         """
@@ -56,6 +66,25 @@ class QueryPool:
             if excp is not None:
                 raise excp
 
+    def clear_queue(self) -> None:
+        """ Drop all items silently that might still be queued.
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                self.query_queue.get_nowait()
+        except asyncio.QueueEmpty:
+            pass  # expected
+
+    async def _worker_loop_cancellable(self, dsn: str, **conn_args: Any) -> None:
+        try:
+            await self._worker_loop(dsn, **conn_args)
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Make sure the exception is forwarded to the main function
+            self.is_cancelled = True
+            # clear the queue here to ensure that any put() that may be blocked returns
+            self.clear_queue()
+            raise e
+
     async def _worker_loop(self, dsn: str, **conn_args: Any) -> None:
         conn_args['autocommit'] = True
         aconn = await psycopg.AsyncConnection.connect(dsn, **conn_args)

src/nominatim_db/db/sql_preprocessor.py

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2024 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Preprocessing of SQL files.
 """
 from typing import Set, Dict, Any, cast
+import re
 
 import jinja2
 
@@ -34,7 +35,9 @@ def _get_tables(conn: Connection) -> Set[str]:
     with conn.cursor() as cur:
         cur.execute("SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname = 'public'")
 
-        return set((row[0] for row in list(cur)))
+        # paranoia check: make sure we don't get table names that cause
+        # an SQL injection later
+        return {row[0] for row in list(cur) if re.fullmatch(r'\w+', row[0])}
 
 
 def _get_middle_db_format(conn: Connection, tables: Set[str]) -> str:

src/nominatim_db/indexer/indexer.py

@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ class Indexer:
                         cur.execute('ANALYZE')
 
             while True:
-                if await self.index_by_rank(0, 4) > 0:
+                if await self.index_by_rank(1, 4) > 0:
                     _analyze()
 
-                if await self.index_boundaries(0, 30) > 100:
+                if await self.index_boundaries() > 100:
                     _analyze()
 
                 if await self.index_by_rank(5, 25) > 100:
@@ -68,13 +68,16 @@ class Indexer:
                 if await self.index_by_rank(26, 30) > 1000:
                     _analyze()
 
+                # Special case: rank zero depends on the previously-indexed [1..30] ranks
+                await self.index_by_rank(0, 0)
+
                 if await self.index_postcodes() > 100:
                     _analyze()
 
                 if not self.has_pending():
                     break
 
-    async def index_boundaries(self, minrank: int, maxrank: int) -> int:
+    async def index_boundaries(self, minrank: int = 0, maxrank: int = 30) -> int:
         """ Index only administrative boundaries within the given rank range.
         """
         total = 0
@@ -147,8 +150,11 @@ class Indexer:
                 total += await self._index(runners.RankRunner(rank, analyzer),
                                            batch=batch, total_tuples=total_tuples.get(rank, 0))
 
-            if maxrank == 30:
+            # Special case: rank zero depends on ranks [1..30]
+            if minrank == 0:
                 total += await self._index(runners.RankRunner(0, analyzer))
+
+            if maxrank == 30:
                 total += await self._index(runners.InterpolationRunner(analyzer), batch=20)
 
         return total
@@ -177,7 +183,7 @@ class Indexer:
 
             `total_tuples` may contain the total number of rows to process.
             When not supplied, the value will be computed using the
-            approriate runner function.
+            appropriate runner function.
         """
         LOG.warning("Starting %s (using batch size %s)", runner.name(), batch)
 

src/nominatim_db/tokenizer/icu_tokenizer.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Tokenizer implementing normalisation as used before Nominatim 4 but using
@@ -294,13 +294,12 @@ class ICUTokenizer(AbstractTokenizer):
         with connect(self.dsn) as conn:
             drop_tables(conn, 'word')
             with conn.cursor() as cur:
-                cur.execute(f"ALTER TABLE {old} RENAME TO word")
-                for idx in ('word_token', 'word_id'):
-                    cur.execute(f"""ALTER INDEX idx_{old}_{idx}
-                                      RENAME TO idx_word_{idx}""")
-                for name, _ in WORD_TYPES:
-                    cur.execute(f"""ALTER INDEX idx_{old}_{name}
-                                    RENAME TO idx_word_{name}""")
+                cur.execute(pysql.SQL("ALTER TABLE {} RENAME TO word")
+                                 .format(pysql.Identifier(old)))
+                for idx in ['word_token', 'word_id'] + [n[0] for n in WORD_TYPES]:
+                    cur.execute(pysql.SQL("ALTER INDEX {} RENAME TO {}")
+                                     .format(pysql.Identifier(f"idx_{old}_{idx}"),
+                                             pysql.Identifier(f"idx_word_{idx}")))
             conn.commit()
 
 

src/nominatim_db/tools/admin.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from psycopg.types.json import Json
 from ..typing import DictCursorResult
 from ..config import Configuration
 from ..db.connection import connect, Cursor, register_hstore
+from ..db.sql_preprocessor import SQLPreprocessor
 from ..errors import UsageError
 from ..tokenizer import factory as tokenizer_factory
 from ..data.place_info import PlaceInfo
@@ -105,3 +106,12 @@ def clean_deleted_relations(config: Configuration, age: str) -> None:
             except psycopg.DataError as exc:
                 raise UsageError('Invalid PostgreSQL time interval format') from exc
         conn.commit()
+
+
+def grant_ro_access(dsn: str, config: Configuration) -> None:
+    """ Grant read-only access to the web user for all Nominatim tables.
+        This can be used to grant access to a different user after import.
+    """
+    with connect(dsn) as conn:
+        sql = SQLPreprocessor(conn, config)
+        sql.run_sql_file(conn, 'grants.sql')

src/nominatim_db/tools/database_import.py

@@ -152,10 +152,11 @@ def create_tables(conn: Connection, config: Configuration, reverse_only: bool =
         When `reverse_only` is True, then the main table for searching will
         be skipped and only reverse search is possible.
     """
-    sql = SQLPreprocessor(conn, config)
-    sql.env.globals['db']['reverse_only'] = reverse_only
+    SQLPreprocessor(conn, config).run_sql_file(conn, 'tables.sql',
+                                               create_reverse_only=reverse_only)
 
-    sql.run_sql_file(conn, 'tables.sql')
+    # reinitiate the preprocessor to get all the newly created tables
+    SQLPreprocessor(conn, config).run_sql_file(conn, 'grants.sql')
 
 
 def create_table_triggers(conn: Connection, config: Configuration) -> None:
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ def truncate_data_tables(conn: Connection) -> None:
                        WHERE tablename LIKE 'location_road_%'""")
 
         for table in [r[0] for r in list(cur)]:
-            cur.execute('TRUNCATE ' + table)
+            cur.execute(pysql.SQL('TRUNCATE {}').format(pysql.Identifier(table)))
 
     conn.commit()
 
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ async def load_data(dsn: str, threads: int) -> None:
                                       total=pysql.Literal(placex_threads),
                                       mod=pysql.Literal(imod)), None)
 
-        # Interpolations need to be copied seperately
+        # Interpolations need to be copied separately
         await pool.put_query("""
                 INSERT INTO location_property_osmline (osm_id, address, linegeo)
                   SELECT osm_id, address, geometry FROM place

src/nominatim_db/tools/freeze.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ UPDATE_TABLES = [
     'address_levels',
     'gb_postcode',
     'import_osmosis_log',
-    'import_polygon_%',
     'location_area%',
     'location_road%',
     'place',

src/nominatim_db/tools/migration.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ _MIGRATION_FUNCTIONS: List[Tuple[NominatimVersion, Callable[..., None]]] = []
 
 def migrate(config: Configuration, paths: Any) -> int:
     """ Check for the current database version and execute migrations,
-        if necesssary.
+        if necessary.
     """
     with connect(config.get_libpq_dsn()) as conn:
         register_hstore(conn)
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def create_placex_entrance_table(conn: Connection, config: Configuration, **_: A
 
 @_migration(5, 1, 99, 1)
 def create_place_entrance_table(conn: Connection, config: Configuration, **_: Any) -> None:
-    """ Add the place_entrance table to store incomming entrance nodes
+    """ Add the place_entrance table to store incoming entrance nodes
     """
     if not table_exists(conn, 'place_entrance'):
         with conn.cursor() as cur:
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ def create_place_postcode_table(conn: Connection, config: Configuration, **_: An
                 """)
             sqlp.run_string(conn,
                             'GRANT SELECT ON location_postcodes TO "{{config.DATABASE_WEBUSER}}"')
-            # remove postcodes from the various auxillary tables
+            # remove postcodes from the various auxiliary tables
             cur.execute(
                 """
                 DELETE FROM place_addressline

src/nominatim_db/tools/postcodes.py

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class _PostcodeCollector:
 
         if fname.is_file():
             LOG.info("Using external postcode file '%s'.", fname)
-            return gzip.open(fname, 'rt')
+            return gzip.open(fname, 'rt', encoding='utf-8')
 
         return None
 

src/nominatim_db/tools/refresh.py

@@ -141,7 +141,9 @@ def import_importance_csv(dsn: str, data_file: Path) -> int:
 
             copy_cmd = """COPY wikimedia_importance(language, title, importance, wikidata)
                           FROM STDIN"""
-            with gzip.open(str(data_file), 'rt') as fd, cur.copy(copy_cmd) as copy:
+            with gzip.open(
+                    str(data_file), 'rt', encoding='utf-8') as fd, \
+                    cur.copy(copy_cmd) as copy:
                 for row in csv.DictReader(fd, delimiter='\t', quotechar='|'):
                     wd_id = int(row['wikidata_id'][1:])
                     copy.write_row((row['language'],

src/nominatim_db/tools/tiger_data.py

@@ -17,13 +17,12 @@ import tarfile
 from psycopg.types.json import Json
 
 from ..config import Configuration
-from ..db.connection import connect
+from ..db.connection import connect, table_exists
 from ..db.sql_preprocessor import SQLPreprocessor
 from ..errors import UsageError
 from ..db.query_pool import QueryPool
 from ..data.place_info import PlaceInfo
 from ..tokenizer.base import AbstractTokenizer
-from . import freeze
 
 LOG = logging.getLogger()
 
@@ -90,16 +89,19 @@ async def add_tiger_data(data_dir: str, config: Configuration, threads: int,
     """
     dsn = config.get_libpq_dsn()
 
-    with connect(dsn) as conn:
-        if freeze.is_frozen(conn):
-            raise UsageError("Tiger cannot be imported when database frozen (Github issue #3048)")
-
     with TigerInput(data_dir) as tar:
         if not tar:
             return 1
 
         with connect(dsn) as conn:
             sql = SQLPreprocessor(conn, config)
+
+            if not table_exists(conn, 'search_name'):
+                raise UsageError(
+                    "Cannot perform tiger import: required tables are missing. "
+                    "See https://github.com/osm-search/Nominatim/issues/2463 for details."
+                )
+
             sql.run_sql_file(conn, 'tiger_import_start.sql')
 
         # Reading files and then for each file line handling

test/bdd/features/api/lookup/simple.feature

@@ -42,6 +42,22 @@ Feature: Tests for finding places by osm_type and osm_id
         | jsonv2      | json        |
         | geojson     | geojson     |
 
+    Scenario Outline: Lookup with entrances
+        When sending v1/lookup with format <format>
+          | osm_ids    | entrances |
+          | W429210603 | 1         |
+        Then a HTTP 200 is returned
+        And the result is valid <outformat>
+        And result 0 contains in field entrances+0
+          | osm_id     | type | lat        | lon       |
+          | 6580031131 | yes  | 47.2489382 | 9.5284033 |
+
+        Examples:
+          | format | outformat |
+          | json   | json |
+          | jsonv2 | json |
+          | geojson | geojson |
+
     Scenario: Linked places return information from the linkee
         When sending v1/lookup with format geocodejson
           | osm_ids |

test/bdd/features/api/reverse/v1_params.feature

@@ -167,3 +167,18 @@ Feature: v1/reverse Parameter Tests
           | json   | json |
           | jsonv2 | json |
           | xml    | xml |
+
+    Scenario Outline: Reverse with entrances
+        When sending v1/reverse with format <format>
+          | lat               | lon              | entrances | zoom |
+          | 47.24942041089678 | 9.52854573737568 | 1         | 18   |
+        Then a HTTP 200 is returned
+        And the result is valid <outformat>
+        And the result contains array field entrances where element 0 contains
+          | osm_id     | type | lat        | lon       |
+          | 6580031131 | yes  | 47.2489382 | 9.5284033 |
+
+        Examples:
+          | format | outformat |
+          | json   | json |
+          | jsonv2 | json |

test/bdd/features/db/import/linking.feature

@@ -297,20 +297,30 @@ Feature: Linking of places
          | R1         | LabelPlace |
 
 
-    @skip
     Scenario: Linked places expand default language names
-        Given the grid
-            | 1 |   | 2 |
-            |   | 9 |   |
-            | 4 |   | 3 |
-        Given the places
+        Given the grid with origin CO
+            | 1 |   | 2 |  | 5 |    | 6 |
+            |   | 9 |   |  |   | 10 |   |
+            | 4 |   | 3 |  | 8 |    | 7 |
+        And the places
             | osm | class    | type           | name+name                | geometry    |
             | N9  | place    | city           | Popayán                  | 9           |
-            | R1  | boundary | administrative | Perímetro Urbano Popayán | (1,2,3,4,1) |
+        And the places
+            | osm | class    | type           | name+name:en             | geometry    |
+            | N10 | place    | city           | Open                     | 10          |
+        And the places
+            | osm | class    | type           | name+name                | geometry    | admin |
+            | R1  | boundary | administrative | Perímetro Urbano Popayán | (1,2,3,4,1) | 8     |
+            | R2  | boundary | administrative | Abre                     | (5,6,7,8,5) | 8     |
         And the relations
-            | id | members  |
-            | 1  | N9:label |
+            | id | members   |
+            | 1  | N9:label  |
+            | 2  | N10:label |
         When importing
+        Then placex contains
+            | object      | linked_place_id |
+            | N9:place    | R1              |
+            | R1:boundary | -               |
         Then placex contains
             | object | name+_place_name | name+_place_name:es |
             | R1     | Popayán          | Popayán             |

test/bdd/test_osm2pgsql.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def opl_writer(tmp_path, node_grid):
     def _write(data):
         fname = tmp_path / f"test_osm_{nr[0]}.opl"
         nr[0] += 1
-        with fname.open('wt') as fd:
+        with fname.open('wt', encoding='utf-8') as fd:
             for line in data.split('\n'):
                 if line.startswith('n') and ' x' not in line:
                     coord = node_grid.get(line[1:].split(' ')[0]) \
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def opl_writer(tmp_path, node_grid):
 @given('the lua style file', target_fixture='osm2pgsql_options')
 def set_lua_style_file(osm2pgsql_options, docstring, tmp_path):
     style = tmp_path / 'custom.lua'
-    style.write_text(docstring)
+    style.write_text(docstring, encoding='utf-8')
     osm2pgsql_options['osm2pgsql_style'] = str(style)
 
     return osm2pgsql_options

test/bdd/utils/api_runner.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Various helper classes for running Nominatim commands.
@@ -54,15 +54,14 @@ class APIRunner:
     def create_engine_starlette(self, environ):
         import nominatim_api.server.starlette.server
         from asgi_lifespan import LifespanManager
-        import httpx
+        from starlette.testclient import TestClient
 
         async def _request(endpoint, params, http_headers):
             app = nominatim_api.server.starlette.server.get_application(None, environ)
 
             async with LifespanManager(app):
-                async with httpx.AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://nominatim.test") as client:
-                    response = await client.get("/" + endpoint, params=params,
-                                                headers=http_headers)
+                client = TestClient(app, base_url="http://nominatim.test")
+                response = client.get("/" + endpoint, params=params, headers=http_headers)
 
             return APIResponse(endpoint, response.status_code,
                                response.text, response.headers)

test/bdd/utils/checks.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 """
 Helper functions to compare expected values.
 """
+import ast
 import collections.abc
 import json
 import re
@@ -58,7 +59,8 @@ COMPARISON_FUNCS = {
     None: lambda val, exp: str(val) == exp,
     'i': lambda val, exp: str(val).lower() == exp.lower(),
     'fm': lambda val, exp: re.fullmatch(exp, val) is not None,
-    'dict': lambda val, exp: val is None if exp == '-' else (val == eval('{' + exp + '}')),
+    'dict': lambda val, exp: (val is None if exp == '-'
+                              else (val == ast.literal_eval('{' + exp + '}'))),
     'in_box': within_box
 }
 

test/bdd/utils/place_inserter.py

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Helper classes for filling the place table.
 """
+import ast
 import random
 import string
 
@@ -35,7 +36,8 @@ class PlaceColumn:
             self._add_hstore(
                 'name',
                 'name',
-                ''.join(random.choices(string.printable, k=random.randrange(30))),
+                ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_uppercase)
+                        + random.choices(string.printable, k=random.randrange(30))),
             )
 
         return self
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ class PlaceColumn:
         elif key.startswith('addr+'):
             self._add_hstore('address', key[5:], value)
         elif key in ('name', 'address', 'extratags'):
-            self.columns[key] = eval('{' + value + '}')
+            self.columns[key] = ast.literal_eval('{' + value + '}')
         else:
             assert key in ('class', 'type'), "Unknown column '{}'.".format(key)
             self.columns[key] = None if value == '' else value

test/python/api/search/test_postcode_parser.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ gb:
     pattern: "(l?ld[A-Z0-9]?) ?(dll)"
     output: \1 \2
 
-    """)
+    """, encoding='utf-8')
 
     return project_env
 

test/python/cli/test_cli.py

@@ -91,8 +91,9 @@ class TestCliWithDb:
         postcode_mock = async_mock_func_factory(nominatim_db.indexer.indexer.Indexer,
                                                 'index_postcodes')
 
+        has_pending_retvals = [True, False]
         monkeypatch.setattr(nominatim_db.indexer.indexer.Indexer, 'has_pending',
-                            [False, True].pop)
+                            lambda *args, **kwargs: has_pending_retvals.pop(0))
 
         assert self.call_nominatim('index', *params) == 0
 

test/python/config/test_config.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Test for loading dotenv configuration.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def test_no_project_dir(make_config):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("val", ('apache', '"apache"'))
 def test_prefer_project_setting_over_default(make_config, val, tmp_path):
     envfile = tmp_path / '.env'
-    envfile.write_text('NOMINATIM_DATABASE_WEBUSER={}\n'.format(val))
+    envfile.write_text('NOMINATIM_DATABASE_WEBUSER={}\n'.format(val), encoding='utf-8')
 
     config = make_config(tmp_path)
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def test_prefer_project_setting_over_default(make_config, val, tmp_path):
 
 def test_prefer_os_environ_over_project_setting(make_config, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
     envfile = tmp_path / '.env'
-    envfile.write_text('NOMINATIM_DATABASE_WEBUSER=apache\n')
+    envfile.write_text('NOMINATIM_DATABASE_WEBUSER=apache\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_DATABASE_WEBUSER', 'nobody')
 
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ def test_prefer_os_environ_over_project_setting(make_config, monkeypatch, tmp_pa
 
 def test_prefer_os_environ_can_unset_project_setting(make_config, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
     envfile = tmp_path / '.env'
-    envfile.write_text('NOMINATIM_DATABASE_WEBUSER=apache\n')
+    envfile.write_text('NOMINATIM_OSM2PGSQL_BINARY=osm2pgsql\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
-    monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_DATABASE_WEBUSER', '')
+    monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_OSM2PGSQL_BINARY', '')
 
     config = make_config(tmp_path)
 
-    assert config.DATABASE_WEBUSER == ''
+    assert config.OSM2PGSQL_BINARY == ''
 
 
 def test_get_os_env_add_defaults(make_config, monkeypatch):
@@ -200,14 +200,15 @@ def test_get_path_empty(make_config):
     assert not config.get_path('TOKENIZER_CONFIG')
 
 
-def test_get_path_absolute(make_config, monkeypatch):
+def test_get_path_absolute(make_config, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
     config = make_config()
 
-    monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_FOOBAR', '/dont/care')
+    p = (tmp_path / "does_not_exist").resolve()
+    monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_FOOBAR', str(p))
     result = config.get_path('FOOBAR')
 
     assert isinstance(result, Path)
-    assert str(result) == '/dont/care'
+    assert str(result) == str(p)
 
 
 def test_get_path_relative(make_config, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ def test_get_import_style_intern(make_config, src_dir, monkeypatch):
 
 def test_get_import_style_extern_relative(make_config_path, monkeypatch):
     config = make_config_path()
-    (config.project_dir / 'custom.style').write_text('x')
+    (config.project_dir / 'custom.style').write_text('x', encoding='utf-8')
 
     monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_IMPORT_STYLE', 'custom.style')
 
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ def test_get_import_style_extern_absolute(make_config, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     config = make_config()
     cfgfile = tmp_path / 'test.style'
 
-    cfgfile.write_text('x')
+    cfgfile.write_text('x', encoding='utf-8')
 
     monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_IMPORT_STYLE', str(cfgfile))
 
@@ -254,10 +255,10 @@ def test_load_subconf_from_project_dir(make_config_path):
     config = make_config_path()
 
     testfile = config.project_dir / 'test.yaml'
-    testfile.write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n')
+    testfile.write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     testfile = config.config_dir / 'test.yaml'
-    testfile.write_text('cow: miau\ncat: muh\n')
+    testfile.write_text('cow: miau\ncat: muh\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     rules = config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml')
 
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ def test_load_subconf_from_settings_dir(make_config_path):
     config = make_config_path()
 
     testfile = config.config_dir / 'test.yaml'
-    testfile.write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n')
+    testfile.write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     rules = config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml')
 
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ def test_load_subconf_empty_env_conf(make_config_path, monkeypatch):
     config = make_config_path()
 
     testfile = config.config_dir / 'test.yaml'
-    testfile.write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n')
+    testfile.write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     rules = config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml', config='MY_CONFIG')
 
@@ -291,8 +292,8 @@ def test_load_subconf_env_absolute_found(make_config_path, monkeypatch, tmp_path
     monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_MY_CONFIG', str(tmp_path / 'other.yaml'))
     config = make_config_path()
 
-    (config.config_dir / 'test.yaml').write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n')
-    (tmp_path / 'other.yaml').write_text('dog: muh\nfrog: miau\n')
+    (config.config_dir / 'test.yaml').write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n', encoding='utf-8')
+    (tmp_path / 'other.yaml').write_text('dog: muh\nfrog: miau\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     rules = config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml', config='MY_CONFIG')
 
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ def test_load_subconf_env_absolute_not_found(make_config_path, monkeypatch, tmp_
     monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_MY_CONFIG', str(tmp_path / 'other.yaml'))
     config = make_config_path()
 
-    (config.config_dir / 'test.yaml').write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n')
+    (config.config_dir / 'test.yaml').write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     with pytest.raises(UsageError, match='Config file not found.'):
         config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml', config='MY_CONFIG')
@@ -314,8 +315,8 @@ def test_load_subconf_env_relative_found(make_config_path, monkeypatch, location
     monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_MY_CONFIG', 'other.yaml')
     config = make_config_path()
 
-    (config.config_dir / 'test.yaml').write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n')
-    (getattr(config, location) / 'other.yaml').write_text('dog: bark\n')
+    (config.config_dir / 'test.yaml').write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n', encoding='utf-8')
+    (getattr(config, location) / 'other.yaml').write_text('dog: bark\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     rules = config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml', config='MY_CONFIG')
 
@@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ def test_load_subconf_env_relative_not_found(make_config_path, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_MY_CONFIG', 'other.yaml')
     config = make_config_path()
 
-    (config.config_dir / 'test.yaml').write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n')
+    (config.config_dir / 'test.yaml').write_text('cow: muh\ncat: miau\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     with pytest.raises(UsageError, match='Config file not found.'):
         config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml', config='MY_CONFIG')
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ def test_load_subconf_env_relative_not_found(make_config_path, monkeypatch):
 def test_load_subconf_json(make_config_path):
     config = make_config_path()
 
-    (config.project_dir / 'test.json').write_text('{"cow": "muh", "cat": "miau"}')
+    (config.project_dir / 'test.json').write_text('{"cow": "muh", "cat": "miau"}', encoding='utf-8')
 
     rules = config.load_sub_configuration('test.json')
 
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ def test_load_subconf_not_found(make_config_path):
 def test_load_subconf_env_unknown_format(make_config_path):
     config = make_config_path()
 
-    (config.project_dir / 'test.xml').write_text('<html></html>')
+    (config.project_dir / 'test.xml').write_text('<html></html>', encoding='utf-8')
 
     with pytest.raises(UsageError, match='unknown format'):
         config.load_sub_configuration('test.xml')
@@ -362,8 +363,8 @@ def test_load_subconf_include_absolute(make_config_path, tmp_path):
     config = make_config_path()
 
     testfile = config.config_dir / 'test.yaml'
-    testfile.write_text(f'base: !include {tmp_path}/inc.yaml\n')
-    (tmp_path / 'inc.yaml').write_text('first: 1\nsecond: 2\n')
+    testfile.write_text(f'base: !include {tmp_path}/inc.yaml\n', encoding='utf-8')
+    (tmp_path / 'inc.yaml').write_text('first: 1\nsecond: 2\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     rules = config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml')
 
@@ -375,8 +376,8 @@ def test_load_subconf_include_relative(make_config_path, tmp_path, location):
     config = make_config_path()
 
     testfile = config.config_dir / 'test.yaml'
-    testfile.write_text('base: !include inc.yaml\n')
-    (getattr(config, location) / 'inc.yaml').write_text('first: 1\nsecond: 2\n')
+    testfile.write_text('base: !include inc.yaml\n', encoding='utf-8')
+    (getattr(config, location) / 'inc.yaml').write_text('first: 1\nsecond: 2\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     rules = config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml')
 
@@ -387,8 +388,8 @@ def test_load_subconf_include_bad_format(make_config_path):
     config = make_config_path()
 
     testfile = config.config_dir / 'test.yaml'
-    testfile.write_text('base: !include inc.txt\n')
-    (config.config_dir / 'inc.txt').write_text('first: 1\nsecond: 2\n')
+    testfile.write_text('base: !include inc.txt\n', encoding='utf-8')
+    (config.config_dir / 'inc.txt').write_text('first: 1\nsecond: 2\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     with pytest.raises(UsageError, match='Cannot handle config file format.'):
         config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml')
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ def test_load_subconf_include_not_found(make_config_path):
     config = make_config_path()
 
     testfile = config.config_dir / 'test.yaml'
-    testfile.write_text('base: !include inc.txt\n')
+    testfile.write_text('base: !include inc.txt\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     with pytest.raises(UsageError, match='Config file not found.'):
         config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml')
@@ -408,9 +409,9 @@ def test_load_subconf_include_recursive(make_config_path):
     config = make_config_path()
 
     testfile = config.config_dir / 'test.yaml'
-    testfile.write_text('base: !include inc.yaml\n')
-    (config.config_dir / 'inc.yaml').write_text('- !include more.yaml\n- upper\n')
-    (config.config_dir / 'more.yaml').write_text('- the end\n')
+    testfile.write_text('base: !include inc.yaml\n', encoding='utf-8')
+    (config.config_dir / 'inc.yaml').write_text('- !include more.yaml\n- upper\n', encoding='utf-8')
+    (config.config_dir / 'more.yaml').write_text('- the end\n', encoding='utf-8')
 
     rules = config.load_sub_configuration('test.yaml')
 

test/python/config/test_config_load_module.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def test_load_default_module_with_hyphen(test_config):
 def test_load_plugin_module(test_config, tmp_path):
     (tmp_path / 'project' / 'testpath').mkdir()
     (tmp_path / 'project' / 'testpath' / 'mymod.py')\
-        .write_text("def my_test_function():\n  return 'gjwitlsSG42TG%'")
+        .write_text("def my_test_function():\n  return 'gjwitlsSG42TG%'", encoding='utf-8')
 
     module = test_config.load_plugin_module('testpath/mymod.py', 'private.something')
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def test_load_plugin_module(test_config, tmp_path):
 
     # also test reloading module
     (tmp_path / 'project' / 'testpath' / 'mymod.py')\
-        .write_text("def my_test_function():\n  return 'hjothjorhj'")
+        .write_text("def my_test_function():\n  return 'hjothjorhj'", encoding='utf-8')
 
     module = test_config.load_plugin_module('testpath/mymod.py', 'private.something')
 
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ def test_load_external_library_module(test_config, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     pythonpath = tmp_path / 'priv-python'
     pythonpath.mkdir()
     (pythonpath / MODULE_NAME).mkdir()
-    (pythonpath / MODULE_NAME / '__init__.py').write_text('')
+    (pythonpath / MODULE_NAME / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf-8')
     (pythonpath / MODULE_NAME / 'tester.py')\
-        .write_text("def my_test_function():\n  return 'gjwitlsSG42TG%'")
+        .write_text("def my_test_function():\n  return 'gjwitlsSG42TG%'", encoding='utf-8')
 
     monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(pythonpath)
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def test_load_external_library_module(test_config, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
 
     # also test reloading module
     (pythonpath / MODULE_NAME / 'tester.py')\
-        .write_text("def my_test_function():\n  return 'dfigjreigj'")
+        .write_text("def my_test_function():\n  return 'dfigjreigj'", encoding='utf-8')
 
     module = test_config.load_plugin_module(f'{MODULE_NAME}.tester', 'private.something')
 

test/python/conftest.py

@@ -2,12 +2,16 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 import itertools
 import sys
+import asyncio
 from pathlib import Path
 
+if sys.platform == 'win32':
+    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
+
 import psycopg
 from psycopg import sql as pysql
 import pytest
@@ -17,12 +21,11 @@ SRC_DIR = (Path(__file__) / '..' / '..' / '..').resolve()
 sys.path.insert(0, str(SRC_DIR / 'src'))
 
 from nominatim_db.config import Configuration
-from nominatim_db.db import connection
+from nominatim_db.db import connection, properties
 from nominatim_db.db.sql_preprocessor import SQLPreprocessor
 import nominatim_db.tokenizer.factory
 
 import dummy_tokenizer
-import mocks
 from cursor import CursorForTesting
 
 
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ def temp_db(monkeypatch):
 
     with psycopg.connect(dbname='postgres', autocommit=True) as conn:
         with conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute('DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {}'.format(name))
+            cur.execute(pysql.SQL('DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS') + pysql.Identifier(name))
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -104,7 +107,9 @@ def table_factory(temp_db_conn):
     """
     def mk_table(name, definition='id INT', content=None):
         with psycopg.ClientCursor(temp_db_conn) as cur:
-            cur.execute('CREATE TABLE {} ({})'.format(name, definition))
+            cur.execute(pysql.SQL("CREATE TABLE {} ({})")
+                             .format(pysql.Identifier(name),
+                                     pysql.SQL(definition)))
             if content:
                 sql = pysql.SQL("INSERT INTO {} VALUES ({})")\
                            .format(pysql.Identifier(name),
@@ -130,28 +135,50 @@ def project_env(tmp_path):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def property_table(table_factory, temp_db_conn):
-    table_factory('nominatim_properties', 'property TEXT, value TEXT')
-
-    return mocks.MockPropertyTable(temp_db_conn)
+def country_table(table_factory):
+    table_factory('country_name', 'partition INT, country_code varchar(2), name hstore')
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def status_table(table_factory):
+def country_row(country_table, temp_db_cursor):
+    def _add(partition=None, country=None, names=None):
+        temp_db_cursor.insert_row('country_name', partition=partition,
+                                  country_code=country, name=names)
+
+    return _add
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def load_sql(temp_db_conn, country_table):
+    conf = Configuration(None)
+
+    def _run(*filename, **kwargs):
+        for fn in filename:
+            SQLPreprocessor(temp_db_conn, conf).run_sql_file(temp_db_conn, fn, **kwargs)
+
+    return _run
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def property_table(load_sql, temp_db_conn):
+    load_sql('tables/nominatim_properties.sql')
+
+    class _PropTable:
+        def set(self, name, value):
+            properties.set_property(temp_db_conn, name, value)
+
+        def get(self, name):
+            return properties.get_property(temp_db_conn, name)
+
+    return _PropTable()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def status_table(load_sql):
     """ Create an empty version of the status table and
         the status logging table.
     """
-    table_factory('import_status',
-                  """lastimportdate timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
-                     sequence_id integer,
-                     indexed boolean""")
-    table_factory('import_osmosis_log',
-                  """batchend timestamp,
-                     batchseq integer,
-                     batchsize bigint,
-                     starttime timestamp,
-                     endtime timestamp,
-                     event text""")
+    load_sql('tables/status.sql')
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -176,12 +203,14 @@ def place_row(place_table, temp_db_cursor):
         prerequisite to the fixture.
     """
     idseq = itertools.count(1001)
+
     def _insert(osm_type='N', osm_id=None, cls='amenity', typ='cafe', names=None,
-                admin_level=None, address=None, extratags=None, geom=None):
-        temp_db_cursor.execute("INSERT INTO place VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",
-                               (osm_id or next(idseq), osm_type, cls, typ, names,
-                                admin_level, address, extratags,
-                                geom or 'SRID=4326;POINT(0 0)'))
+                admin_level=None, address=None, extratags=None, geom='POINT(0 0)'):
+        args = {'osm_type': osm_type, 'osm_id': osm_id or next(idseq),
+                'class': cls, 'type': typ, 'name': names, 'admin_level': admin_level,
+                'address': address, 'extratags': extratags,
+                'geometry': _with_srid(geom)}
+        temp_db_cursor.insert_row('place', **args)
 
     return _insert
 
@@ -201,50 +230,104 @@ def place_postcode_table(temp_db_with_extensions, table_factory):
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def place_postcode_row(place_postcode_table, temp_db_cursor):
-    """ A factory for rows in the place table. The table is created as a
+    """ A factory for rows in the place_postcode table. The table is created as a
         prerequisite to the fixture.
     """
     idseq = itertools.count(5001)
+
     def _insert(osm_type='N', osm_id=None, postcode=None, country=None,
-                centroid=None, geom=None):
-        temp_db_cursor.execute("INSERT INTO place_postcode VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",
-                               (osm_type, osm_id or next(idseq),
-                                postcode, country,
-                                _with_srid(centroid, 'POINT(12.0 4.0)'),
-                                _with_srid(geom)))
+                centroid='POINT(12.0 4.0)', geom=None):
+        temp_db_cursor.insert_row('place_postcode',
+                                  osm_type=osm_type, osm_id=osm_id or next(idseq),
+                                  postcode=postcode, country_code=country,
+                                  centroid=_with_srid(centroid),
+                                  geometry=_with_srid(geom))
 
     return _insert
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def placex_table(temp_db_with_extensions, temp_db_conn):
-    """ Create an empty version of the place table.
+def placex_table(temp_db_with_extensions, temp_db_conn, load_sql, place_table):
+    """ Create an empty version of the placex table.
     """
-    return mocks.MockPlacexTable(temp_db_conn)
+    load_sql('tables/placex.sql')
+    temp_db_conn.execute("CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS seq_place START 1")
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def osmline_table(temp_db_with_extensions, table_factory):
-    table_factory('location_property_osmline',
-                  """place_id BIGINT,
-                     osm_id BIGINT,
-                     parent_place_id BIGINT,
-                     geometry_sector INTEGER,
-                     indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
-                     startnumber INTEGER,
-                     endnumber INTEGER,
-                     partition SMALLINT,
-                     indexed_status SMALLINT,
-                     linegeo GEOMETRY,
-                     interpolationtype TEXT,
-                     address HSTORE,
-                     postcode TEXT,
-                     country_code VARCHAR(2)""")
+def placex_row(placex_table, temp_db_cursor):
+    """ A factory for rows in the placex table. The table is created as a
+        prerequisite to the fixture.
+    """
+    idseq = itertools.count(1001)
+
+    def _add(osm_type='N', osm_id=None, cls='amenity', typ='cafe', names=None,
+             admin_level=None, address=None, extratags=None, geom='POINT(10 4)',
+             country=None, housenumber=None, rank_search=30, rank_address=30,
+             centroid='POINT(10 4)', indexed_status=0, indexed_date=None):
+        args = {'place_id': pysql.SQL("nextval('seq_place')"),
+                'osm_type': osm_type, 'osm_id': osm_id or next(idseq),
+                'class': cls, 'type': typ, 'name': names, 'admin_level': admin_level,
+                'address': address, 'housenumber': housenumber,
+                'rank_search': rank_search, 'rank_address': rank_address,
+                'extratags': extratags,
+                'centroid': _with_srid(centroid), 'geometry': _with_srid(geom),
+                'country_code': country,
+                'indexed_status': indexed_status, 'indexed_date': indexed_date,
+                'partition': pysql.Literal(0), 'geometry_sector': pysql.Literal(1)}
+        return temp_db_cursor.insert_row('placex', **args)
+
+    return _add
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def sql_preprocessor_cfg(tmp_path, table_factory, temp_db_with_extensions):
-    table_factory('country_name', 'partition INT', ((0, ), (1, ), (2, )))
+def osmline_table(temp_db_with_extensions, load_sql):
+    load_sql('tables/interpolation.sql')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def osmline_row(osmline_table, temp_db_cursor):
+    idseq = itertools.count(20001)
+
+    def _add(osm_id=None, geom='LINESTRING(12.0 11.0, 12.003 11.0)'):
+        return temp_db_cursor.insert_row(
+            'location_property_osmline',
+            place_id=pysql.SQL("nextval('seq_place')"),
+            osm_id=osm_id or next(idseq),
+            geometry_sector=pysql.Literal(20),
+            partition=pysql.Literal(0),
+            indexed_status=1,
+            linegeo=_with_srid(geom))
+
+    return _add
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def postcode_table(temp_db_with_extensions, load_sql):
+    load_sql('tables/postcodes.sql')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def postcode_row(postcode_table, temp_db_cursor):
+    def _add(country, postcode, x=34.5, y=-9.33):
+        geom = _with_srid(f"POINT({x} {y})")
+        return temp_db_cursor.insert_row(
+            'location_postcodes',
+            place_id=pysql.SQL("nextval('seq_place')"),
+            indexed_status=pysql.Literal(1),
+            country_code=country, postcode=postcode,
+            centroid=geom,
+            rank_search=pysql.Literal(16),
+            geometry=('ST_Expand(%s::geometry, 0.005)', geom))
+
+    return _add
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sql_preprocessor_cfg(tmp_path, table_factory, temp_db_with_extensions, country_row):
+    for part in range(3):
+        country_row(partition=part)
+
     cfg = Configuration(None)
     cfg.set_libdirs(sql=tmp_path)
     return cfg

test/python/cursor.py

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Specialised psycopg cursor with shortcut functions useful for testing.
 """
 import psycopg
+from psycopg import sql as pysql
 
 
 class CursorForTesting(psycopg.Cursor):
@@ -52,7 +53,49 @@ class CursorForTesting(psycopg.Cursor):
     def table_rows(self, table, where=None):
         """ Return the number of rows in the given table.
         """
-        if where is None:
-            return self.scalar('SELECT count(*) FROM ' + table)
+        sql = pysql.SQL('SELECT count(*) FROM') + pysql.Identifier(table)
+        if where is not None:
+            sql += pysql.SQL('WHERE') + pysql.SQL(where)
 
-        return self.scalar('SELECT count(*) FROM {} WHERE {}'.format(table, where))
+        return self.scalar(sql)
+
+    def insert_row(self, table, **data):
+        """ Insert a row into the given table.
+
+            'data' is a dictionary of column names and associated values.
+            When the value is a pysql.Literal or pysql.SQL, then the expression
+            will be inserted as is instead of loading the value. When the
+            value is a tuple, then the first element will be added as an
+            SQL expression for the value and the second element is treated
+            as the actual value to insert. The SQL expression must contain
+            a %s placeholder in that case.
+
+            If data contains a 'place_id' column, then the value of the
+            place_id column after insert is returned. Otherwise the function
+            returns nothing.
+        """
+        columns = []
+        placeholders = []
+        values = []
+        for k, v in data.items():
+            columns.append(pysql.Identifier(k))
+            if isinstance(v, tuple):
+                placeholders.append(pysql.SQL(v[0]))
+                values.append(v[1])
+            elif isinstance(v, (pysql.Literal, pysql.SQL)):
+                placeholders.append(v)
+            else:
+                placeholders.append(pysql.Placeholder())
+                values.append(v)
+
+        sql = pysql.SQL("INSERT INTO {table} ({columns}) VALUES({values})")\
+                   .format(table=pysql.Identifier(table),
+                           columns=pysql.SQL(',').join(columns),
+                           values=pysql.SQL(',').join(placeholders))
+
+        if 'place_id' in data:
+            sql += pysql.SQL('RETURNING place_id')
+
+        self.execute(sql, values)
+
+        return self.fetchone()[0] if 'place_id' in data else None

test/python/data/test_country_info.py

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ def loaded_country(def_config):
 def env_with_country_config(project_env):
 
     def _mk_config(cfg):
-        (project_env.project_dir / 'country_settings.yaml').write_text(dedent(cfg))
+        (project_env.project_dir / 'country_settings.yaml').write_text(
+            dedent(cfg), encoding='utf-8')
 
         return project_env
 
@@ -52,11 +53,10 @@ def test_setup_country_tables(src_dir, temp_db_with_extensions, dsn, temp_db_cur
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("languages", (None, ['fr', 'en']))
 def test_create_country_names(temp_db_with_extensions, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor,
-                              table_factory, tokenizer_mock, languages, loaded_country):
-
-    table_factory('country_name', 'country_code varchar(2), name hstore',
-                  content=(('us', '"name"=>"us1","name:af"=>"us2"'),
-                           ('fr', '"name"=>"Fra", "name:en"=>"Fren"')))
+                              country_row, tokenizer_mock, languages, loaded_country):
+    temp_db_cursor.execute('TRUNCATE country_name')
+    country_row(country='us', names={"name": "us1", "name:af": "us2"})
+    country_row(country='fr', names={"name": "Fra", "name:en": "Fren"})
 
     assert temp_db_cursor.scalar("SELECT count(*) FROM country_name") == 2
 

test/python/db/test_sql_preprocessor.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def sql_factory(tmp_path):
           BEGIN
             {}
           END;
-          $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE;""".format(sql_body))
+          $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE;""".format(sql_body), encoding='utf-8')
         return 'test.sql'
 
     return _mk_sql
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def test_load_file_with_params(sql_preprocessor, sql_factory, temp_db_conn, temp
 async def test_load_parallel_file(dsn, sql_preprocessor, tmp_path, temp_db_cursor):
     (tmp_path / 'test.sql').write_text("""
         CREATE TABLE foo (a TEXT);
-        CREATE TABLE foo2(a TEXT);""" + "\n---\nCREATE TABLE bar (b INT);")
+        CREATE TABLE foo2(a TEXT);""" + "\n---\nCREATE TABLE bar (b INT);", encoding='utf-8')
 
     await sql_preprocessor.run_parallel_sql_file(dsn, 'test.sql', num_threads=4)
 

test/python/db/test_utils.py

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ from nominatim_db.errors import UsageError
 
 def test_execute_file_success(dsn, temp_db_cursor, tmp_path):
     tmpfile = tmp_path / 'test.sql'
-    tmpfile.write_text('CREATE TABLE test (id INT);\nINSERT INTO test VALUES(56);')
+    tmpfile.write_text(
+        'CREATE TABLE test (id INT);\nINSERT INTO test VALUES(56);', encoding='utf-8')
 
     db_utils.execute_file(dsn, tmpfile)
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ def test_execute_file_bad_file(dsn, tmp_path):
 
 def test_execute_file_bad_sql(dsn, tmp_path):
     tmpfile = tmp_path / 'test.sql'
-    tmpfile.write_text('CREATE STABLE test (id INT)')
+    tmpfile.write_text('CREATE STABLE test (id INT)', encoding='utf-8')
 
     with pytest.raises(UsageError):
         db_utils.execute_file(dsn, tmpfile)
@@ -37,14 +38,14 @@ def test_execute_file_bad_sql(dsn, tmp_path):
 
 def test_execute_file_bad_sql_ignore_errors(dsn, tmp_path):
     tmpfile = tmp_path / 'test.sql'
-    tmpfile.write_text('CREATE STABLE test (id INT)')
+    tmpfile.write_text('CREATE STABLE test (id INT)', encoding='utf-8')
 
     db_utils.execute_file(dsn, tmpfile, ignore_errors=True)
 
 
 def test_execute_file_with_pre_code(dsn, tmp_path, temp_db_cursor):
     tmpfile = tmp_path / 'test.sql'
-    tmpfile.write_text('INSERT INTO test VALUES(4)')
+    tmpfile.write_text('INSERT INTO test VALUES(4)', encoding='utf-8')
 
     db_utils.execute_file(dsn, tmpfile, pre_code='CREATE TABLE test (id INT)')
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ def test_execute_file_with_pre_code(dsn, tmp_path, temp_db_cursor):
 
 def test_execute_file_with_post_code(dsn, tmp_path, temp_db_cursor):
     tmpfile = tmp_path / 'test.sql'
-    tmpfile.write_text('CREATE TABLE test (id INT)')
+    tmpfile.write_text('CREATE TABLE test (id INT)', encoding='utf-8')
 
     db_utils.execute_file(dsn, tmpfile, post_code='INSERT INTO test VALUES(23)')
 

test/python/indexer/test_indexing.py

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Tests for running the indexing.
 """
-import itertools
+
 import pytest
 import pytest_asyncio  # noqa
 
@@ -15,129 +14,57 @@ from nominatim_db.indexer import indexer
 from nominatim_db.tokenizer import factory
 
 
-class IndexerTestDB:
+class TestIndexing:
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def setup(self, temp_db_conn, project_env, tokenizer_mock,
+              placex_table, postcode_table, osmline_table):
+        self.conn = temp_db_conn
+        temp_db_conn.execute("""
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION date_update() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+            BEGIN
+              IF NEW.indexed_status = 0 and OLD.indexed_status != 0 THEN
+                NEW.indexed_date = now();
+              END IF;
+              RETURN NEW;
+            END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
 
-    def __init__(self, conn):
-        self.placex_id = itertools.count(100000)
-        self.osmline_id = itertools.count(500000)
-        self.postcode_id = itertools.count(700000)
+            DROP TYPE IF EXISTS prepare_update_info CASCADE;
+            CREATE TYPE prepare_update_info AS (
+                         name HSTORE,
+                         address HSTORE,
+                         rank_address SMALLINT,
+                         country_code TEXT,
+                         class TEXT,
+                         type TEXT,
+                         linked_place_id BIGINT
+                       );
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION placex_indexing_prepare(p placex,
+                                                 OUT result prepare_update_info) AS $$
+            BEGIN
+              result.address := p.address;
+              result.name := p.name;
+              result.class := p.class;
+              result.type := p.type;
+              result.country_code := p.country_code;
+              result.rank_address := p.rank_address;
+            END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql STABLE;
 
-        self.conn = conn
-        self.conn.autocimmit = True
-        with self.conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("""CREATE TABLE placex (place_id BIGINT,
-                                                name HSTORE,
-                                                class TEXT,
-                                                type TEXT,
-                                                linked_place_id BIGINT,
-                                                rank_address SMALLINT,
-                                                rank_search SMALLINT,
-                                                indexed_status SMALLINT,
-                                                indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
-                                                partition SMALLINT,
-                                                admin_level SMALLINT,
-                                                country_code TEXT,
-                                                address HSTORE,
-                                                token_info JSONB,
-                                                geometry_sector INTEGER)""")
-            cur.execute("""CREATE TABLE location_property_osmline (
-                               place_id BIGINT,
-                               osm_id BIGINT,
-                               address HSTORE,
-                               token_info JSONB,
-                               indexed_status SMALLINT,
-                               indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
-                               geometry_sector INTEGER)""")
-            cur.execute("""CREATE TABLE location_postcodes (
-                               place_id BIGINT,
-                               indexed_status SMALLINT,
-                               indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
-                               country_code varchar(2),
-                               postcode TEXT)""")
-            cur.execute("""CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION date_update() RETURNS TRIGGER
-                           AS $$
-                           BEGIN
-                             IF NEW.indexed_status = 0 and OLD.indexed_status != 0 THEN
-                               NEW.indexed_date = now();
-                             END IF;
-                             RETURN NEW;
-                           END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;""")
-            cur.execute("DROP TYPE IF EXISTS prepare_update_info CASCADE")
-            cur.execute("""CREATE TYPE prepare_update_info AS (
-                             name HSTORE,
-                             address HSTORE,
-                             rank_address SMALLINT,
-                             country_code TEXT,
-                             class TEXT,
-                             type TEXT,
-                             linked_place_id BIGINT
-                           )""")
-            cur.execute("""CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION placex_indexing_prepare(p placex,
-                                                     OUT result prepare_update_info)
-                           AS $$
-                           BEGIN
-                             result.address := p.address;
-                             result.name := p.name;
-                             result.class := p.class;
-                             result.type := p.type;
-                             result.country_code := p.country_code;
-                             result.rank_address := p.rank_address;
-                           END;
-                           $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql STABLE;
-                        """)
-            cur.execute("""CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION
-                             get_interpolation_address(in_address HSTORE, wayid BIGINT)
-                           RETURNS HSTORE AS $$
-                           BEGIN
-                             RETURN in_address;
-                           END;
-                           $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql STABLE;
-                        """)
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_interpolation_address(in_address HSTORE, wayid BIGINT)
+            RETURNS HSTORE AS $$ SELECT in_address $$ LANGUAGE sql STABLE;
+        """)
 
-            for table in ('placex', 'location_property_osmline', 'location_postcodes'):
-                cur.execute("""CREATE TRIGGER {0}_update BEFORE UPDATE ON {0}
-                               FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE date_update()
-                            """.format(table))
+        for table in ('placex', 'location_property_osmline', 'location_postcodes'):
+            temp_db_conn.execute("""CREATE TRIGGER {0}_update BEFORE UPDATE ON {0}
+                                    FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE date_update()
+                                 """.format(table))
+
+        self.tokenizer = factory.create_tokenizer(project_env)
 
     def scalar(self, query):
         with self.conn.cursor() as cur:
             cur.execute(query)
             return cur.fetchone()[0]
 
-    def add_place(self, cls='place', typ='locality',
-                  rank_search=30, rank_address=30, sector=20):
-        next_id = next(self.placex_id)
-        with self.conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("""INSERT INTO placex
-                              (place_id, class, type, rank_search, rank_address,
-                               indexed_status, geometry_sector)
-                              VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, 1, %s)""",
-                        (next_id, cls, typ, rank_search, rank_address, sector))
-        return next_id
-
-    def add_admin(self, **kwargs):
-        kwargs['cls'] = 'boundary'
-        kwargs['typ'] = 'administrative'
-        return self.add_place(**kwargs)
-
-    def add_osmline(self, sector=20):
-        next_id = next(self.osmline_id)
-        with self.conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("""INSERT INTO location_property_osmline
-                              (place_id, osm_id, indexed_status, geometry_sector)
-                              VALUES (%s, %s, 1, %s)""",
-                        (next_id, next_id, sector))
-        return next_id
-
-    def add_postcode(self, country, postcode):
-        next_id = next(self.postcode_id)
-        with self.conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("""INSERT INTO location_postcodes
-                            (place_id, indexed_status, country_code, postcode)
-                            VALUES (%s, 1, %s, %s)""",
-                        (next_id, country, postcode))
-        return next_id
-
     def placex_unindexed(self):
         return self.scalar('SELECT count(*) from placex where indexed_status > 0')
 
@@ -145,148 +72,133 @@ class IndexerTestDB:
         return self.scalar("""SELECT count(*) from location_property_osmline
                               WHERE indexed_status > 0""")
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_index_all_by_rank(self, dsn, threads, placex_row, osmline_row):
+        for rank in range(31):
+            placex_row(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank, indexed_status=1)
+        osmline_row()
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def test_db(temp_db_conn):
-    yield IndexerTestDB(temp_db_conn)
+        assert self.placex_unindexed() == 31
+        assert self.osmline_unindexed() == 1
 
+        idx = indexer.Indexer(dsn, self.tokenizer, threads)
+        await idx.index_by_rank(0, 30)
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def test_tokenizer(tokenizer_mock, project_env):
-    return factory.create_tokenizer(project_env)
+        assert self.placex_unindexed() == 0
+        assert self.osmline_unindexed() == 0
 
+        assert self.scalar("""SELECT count(*) from placex
+                                 WHERE indexed_status = 0 and indexed_date is null""") == 0
+        # ranks come in order of rank address
+        assert self.scalar("""
+            SELECT count(*) FROM placex p WHERE rank_address > 0
+              AND indexed_date >= (SELECT min(indexed_date) FROM placex o
+                                   WHERE p.rank_address < o.rank_address)""") == 0
+        # placex address ranked objects come before interpolations
+        assert self.scalar(
+            """SELECT count(*) FROM placex WHERE rank_address > 0
+                 AND indexed_date >
+                       (SELECT min(indexed_date) FROM location_property_osmline)""") == 0
+        # rank 0 comes after all other placex objects
+        assert self.scalar(
+            """SELECT count(*) FROM placex WHERE rank_address > 0
+                 AND indexed_date >
+                       (SELECT min(indexed_date) FROM placex WHERE rank_address = 0)""") == 0
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_index_all_by_rank(test_db, threads, test_tokenizer):
-    for rank in range(31):
-        test_db.add_place(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank)
-    test_db.add_osmline()
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_index_partial_without_30(self, dsn, threads, placex_row, osmline_row):
+        for rank in range(31):
+            placex_row(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank, indexed_status=1)
+        osmline_row()
 
-    assert test_db.placex_unindexed() == 31
-    assert test_db.osmline_unindexed() == 1
+        assert self.placex_unindexed() == 31
+        assert self.osmline_unindexed() == 1
 
-    idx = indexer.Indexer('dbname=test_nominatim_python_unittest', test_tokenizer, threads)
-    await idx.index_by_rank(0, 30)
+        idx = indexer.Indexer(dsn, self.tokenizer, threads)
+        await idx.index_by_rank(4, 15)
 
-    assert test_db.placex_unindexed() == 0
-    assert test_db.osmline_unindexed() == 0
+        assert self.placex_unindexed() == 19
+        assert self.osmline_unindexed() == 1
 
-    assert test_db.scalar("""SELECT count(*) from placex
-                             WHERE indexed_status = 0 and indexed_date is null""") == 0
-    # ranks come in order of rank address
-    assert test_db.scalar("""
-        SELECT count(*) FROM placex p WHERE rank_address > 0
-          AND indexed_date >= (SELECT min(indexed_date) FROM placex o
-                               WHERE p.rank_address < o.rank_address)""") == 0
-    # placex address ranked objects come before interpolations
-    assert test_db.scalar(
-        """SELECT count(*) FROM placex WHERE rank_address > 0
-             AND indexed_date >
-                   (SELECT min(indexed_date) FROM location_property_osmline)""") == 0
-    # rank 0 comes after all other placex objects
-    assert test_db.scalar(
-        """SELECT count(*) FROM placex WHERE rank_address > 0
-             AND indexed_date >
-                   (SELECT min(indexed_date) FROM placex WHERE rank_address = 0)""") == 0
+        assert self.scalar("""
+                        SELECT count(*) FROM placex
+                          WHERE indexed_status = 0 AND not rank_address between 4 and 15""") == 0
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_index_partial_with_30(self, dsn, threads, placex_row, osmline_row):
+        for rank in range(31):
+            placex_row(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank, indexed_status=1)
+        osmline_row()
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_index_partial_without_30(test_db, threads, test_tokenizer):
-    for rank in range(31):
-        test_db.add_place(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank)
-    test_db.add_osmline()
+        assert self.placex_unindexed() == 31
+        assert self.osmline_unindexed() == 1
 
-    assert test_db.placex_unindexed() == 31
-    assert test_db.osmline_unindexed() == 1
+        idx = indexer.Indexer(dsn, self.tokenizer, threads)
+        await idx.index_by_rank(28, 30)
 
-    idx = indexer.Indexer('dbname=test_nominatim_python_unittest',
-                          test_tokenizer, threads)
-    await idx.index_by_rank(4, 15)
+        assert self.placex_unindexed() == 28
+        assert self.osmline_unindexed() == 0
 
-    assert test_db.placex_unindexed() == 19
-    assert test_db.osmline_unindexed() == 1
+        assert self.scalar("""
+                        SELECT count(*) FROM placex
+                          WHERE indexed_status = 0 AND rank_address between 0 and 27""") == 0
 
-    assert test_db.scalar("""
-                    SELECT count(*) FROM placex
-                      WHERE indexed_status = 0 AND not rank_address between 4 and 15""") == 0
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_index_boundaries(self, dsn, threads, placex_row, osmline_row):
+        for rank in range(4, 10):
+            placex_row(cls='boundary', typ='administrative',
+                       rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank, indexed_status=1)
+        for rank in range(31):
+            placex_row(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank, indexed_status=1)
+        osmline_row()
 
+        assert self.placex_unindexed() == 37
+        assert self.osmline_unindexed() == 1
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_index_partial_with_30(test_db, threads, test_tokenizer):
-    for rank in range(31):
-        test_db.add_place(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank)
-    test_db.add_osmline()
+        idx = indexer.Indexer(dsn, self.tokenizer, threads)
+        await idx.index_boundaries()
 
-    assert test_db.placex_unindexed() == 31
-    assert test_db.osmline_unindexed() == 1
+        assert self.placex_unindexed() == 31
+        assert self.osmline_unindexed() == 1
 
-    idx = indexer.Indexer('dbname=test_nominatim_python_unittest', test_tokenizer, threads)
-    await idx.index_by_rank(28, 30)
+        assert self.scalar("""
+                        SELECT count(*) FROM placex
+                          WHERE indexed_status = 0 AND class != 'boundary'""") == 0
 
-    assert test_db.placex_unindexed() == 27
-    assert test_db.osmline_unindexed() == 0
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_index_postcodes(self, dsn, threads, postcode_row):
+        for postcode in range(1000):
+            postcode_row(country='de', postcode=postcode)
+        for postcode in range(32000, 33000):
+            postcode_row(country='us', postcode=postcode)
 
-    assert test_db.scalar("""
-                    SELECT count(*) FROM placex
-                      WHERE indexed_status = 0 AND rank_address between 1 and 27""") == 0
+        idx = indexer.Indexer(dsn, self.tokenizer, threads)
+        await idx.index_postcodes()
 
+        assert self.scalar("""SELECT count(*) FROM location_postcodes
+                                      WHERE indexed_status != 0""") == 0
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_index_boundaries(test_db, threads, test_tokenizer):
-    for rank in range(4, 10):
-        test_db.add_admin(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank)
-    for rank in range(31):
-        test_db.add_place(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank)
-    test_db.add_osmline()
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("analyse", [True, False])
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_index_full(self, dsn, analyse, placex_row, osmline_row, postcode_row):
+        for rank in range(4, 10):
+            placex_row(cls='boundary', typ='administrative',
+                       rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank, indexed_status=1)
+        for rank in range(31):
+            placex_row(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank, indexed_status=1)
+        osmline_row()
+        for postcode in range(1000):
+            postcode_row(country='de', postcode=postcode)
 
-    assert test_db.placex_unindexed() == 37
-    assert test_db.osmline_unindexed() == 1
+        idx = indexer.Indexer(dsn, self.tokenizer, 4)
+        await idx.index_full(analyse=analyse)
 
-    idx = indexer.Indexer('dbname=test_nominatim_python_unittest', test_tokenizer, threads)
-    await idx.index_boundaries(0, 30)
-
-    assert test_db.placex_unindexed() == 31
-    assert test_db.osmline_unindexed() == 1
-
-    assert test_db.scalar("""
-                    SELECT count(*) FROM placex
-                      WHERE indexed_status = 0 AND class != 'boundary'""") == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", [1, 15])
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_index_postcodes(test_db, threads, test_tokenizer):
-    for postcode in range(1000):
-        test_db.add_postcode('de', postcode)
-    for postcode in range(32000, 33000):
-        test_db.add_postcode('us', postcode)
-
-    idx = indexer.Indexer('dbname=test_nominatim_python_unittest', test_tokenizer, threads)
-    await idx.index_postcodes()
-
-    assert test_db.scalar("""SELECT count(*) FROM location_postcodes
-                                  WHERE indexed_status != 0""") == 0
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("analyse", [True, False])
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_index_full(test_db, analyse, test_tokenizer):
-    for rank in range(4, 10):
-        test_db.add_admin(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank)
-    for rank in range(31):
-        test_db.add_place(rank_address=rank, rank_search=rank)
-    test_db.add_osmline()
-    for postcode in range(1000):
-        test_db.add_postcode('de', postcode)
-
-    idx = indexer.Indexer('dbname=test_nominatim_python_unittest', test_tokenizer, 4)
-    await idx.index_full(analyse=analyse)
-
-    assert test_db.placex_unindexed() == 0
-    assert test_db.osmline_unindexed() == 0
-    assert test_db.scalar("""SELECT count(*) FROM location_postcodes
-                             WHERE indexed_status != 0""") == 0
+        assert self.placex_unindexed() == 0
+        assert self.osmline_unindexed() == 0
+        assert self.scalar("""SELECT count(*) FROM location_postcodes
+                                 WHERE indexed_status != 0""") == 0

test/python/mocks.py

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-#
-# This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
-# For a full list of authors see the git log.
-"""
-Custom mocks for testing.
-"""
-import itertools
-
-from nominatim_db.db import properties
-
-
-class MockPlacexTable:
-    """ A placex table for testing.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, conn):
-        self.idseq = itertools.count(10000)
-        self.conn = conn
-        with conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("""CREATE TABLE placex (
-                               place_id BIGINT,
-                               parent_place_id BIGINT,
-                               linked_place_id BIGINT,
-                               importance FLOAT,
-                               indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
-                               geometry_sector INTEGER,
-                               rank_address SMALLINT,
-                               rank_search SMALLINT,
-                               partition SMALLINT,
-                               indexed_status SMALLINT,
-                               osm_id int8,
-                               osm_type char(1),
-                               class text,
-                               type text,
-                               name hstore,
-                               admin_level smallint,
-                               address hstore,
-                               extratags hstore,
-                               token_info jsonb,
-                               geometry Geometry(Geometry,4326),
-                               wikipedia TEXT,
-                               country_code varchar(2),
-                               housenumber TEXT,
-                               postcode TEXT,
-                               centroid GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326))""")
-            cur.execute("CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS seq_place")
-        conn.commit()
-
-    def add(self, osm_type='N', osm_id=None, cls='amenity', typ='cafe', names=None,
-            admin_level=None, address=None, extratags=None, geom='POINT(10 4)',
-            country=None, housenumber=None, rank_search=30, centroid=None):
-        with self.conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("""INSERT INTO placex (place_id, osm_type, osm_id, class,
-                                               type, name, admin_level, address,
-                                               housenumber, rank_search,
-                                               extratags, centroid, geometry, country_code)
-                            VALUES(nextval('seq_place'), %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s,
-                                   %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)
-                            RETURNING place_id""",
-                        (osm_type, osm_id or next(self.idseq), cls, typ, names,
-                         admin_level, address, housenumber, rank_search,
-                         extratags, centroid, 'SRID=4326;' + geom,
-                         country))
-            place_id = cur.fetchone()[0]
-        self.conn.commit()
-        return place_id
-
-
-class MockPropertyTable:
-    """ A property table for testing.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, conn):
-        self.conn = conn
-
-    def set(self, name, value):
-        """ Set a property in the table to the given value.
-        """
-        properties.set_property(self.conn, name, value)
-
-    def get(self, name):
-        """ Set a property in the table to the given value.
-        """
-        return properties.get_property(self.conn, name)

test/python/tokenizer/test_icu.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Tests for ICU tokenizer.
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import pytest
 from nominatim_db.tokenizer import icu_tokenizer
 import nominatim_db.tokenizer.icu_rule_loader
 from nominatim_db.db import properties
-from nominatim_db.db.sql_preprocessor import SQLPreprocessor
 from nominatim_db.data.place_info import PlaceInfo
 
 from mock_icu_word_table import MockIcuWordTable
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ def test_config(project_env, tmp_path):
     sqldir = tmp_path / 'sql'
     sqldir.mkdir()
     (sqldir / 'tokenizer').mkdir()
-    (sqldir / 'tokenizer' / 'icu_tokenizer.sql').write_text("SELECT 'a'")
+    (sqldir / 'tokenizer' / 'icu_tokenizer.sql').write_text("SELECT 'a'", encoding='utf-8')
 
     project_env.lib_dir.sql = sqldir
 
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ def db_prop(temp_db_conn):
 def analyzer(tokenizer_factory, test_config, monkeypatch,
              temp_db_with_extensions, tmp_path):
     sql = tmp_path / 'sql' / 'tokenizer' / 'icu_tokenizer.sql'
-    sql.write_text("SELECT 'a';")
+    sql.write_text("SELECT 'a';", encoding='utf-8')
 
     monkeypatch.setenv('NOMINATIM_TERM_NORMALIZATION', ':: lower();')
     tok = tokenizer_factory()
@@ -80,7 +79,8 @@ def analyzer(tokenizer_factory, test_config, monkeypatch,
         if with_postcode:
             cfgstr['token-analysis'].append({'id': '@postcode',
                                              'analyzer': 'postcodes'})
-        (test_config.project_dir / 'icu_tokenizer.yaml').write_text(yaml.dump(cfgstr))
+        (test_config.project_dir / 'icu_tokenizer.yaml').write_text(
+            yaml.dump(cfgstr), encoding='utf-8')
         tok.loader = nominatim_db.tokenizer.icu_rule_loader.ICURuleLoader(test_config)
 
         return tok.name_analyzer()
@@ -89,13 +89,9 @@ def analyzer(tokenizer_factory, test_config, monkeypatch,
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def sql_functions(temp_db_conn, def_config, src_dir):
-    orig_sql = def_config.lib_dir.sql
-    def_config.lib_dir.sql = src_dir / 'lib-sql'
-    sqlproc = SQLPreprocessor(temp_db_conn, def_config)
-    sqlproc.run_sql_file(temp_db_conn, 'functions/utils.sql')
-    sqlproc.run_sql_file(temp_db_conn, 'tokenizer/icu_tokenizer.sql')
-    def_config.lib_dir.sql = orig_sql
+def sql_functions(load_sql):
+    load_sql('functions/utils.sql')
+    load_sql('tokenizer/icu_tokenizer.sql')
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -190,7 +186,7 @@ def test_update_sql_functions(db_prop, temp_db_cursor,
     table_factory('test', 'txt TEXT')
 
     func_file = test_config.lib_dir.sql / 'tokenizer' / 'icu_tokenizer.sql'
-    func_file.write_text("""INSERT INTO test VALUES (1133)""")
+    func_file.write_text("""INSERT INTO test VALUES (1133)""", encoding='utf-8')
 
     tok.update_sql_functions(test_config)
 
@@ -652,22 +648,21 @@ class TestUpdateWordTokens:
         self.tok.update_word_tokens()
         assert word_table.count_housenumbers() == 1
 
-    def test_keep_housenumbers_from_placex_table(self, add_housenumber, word_table,
-                                                 placex_table):
+    def test_keep_housenumbers_from_placex_table(self, add_housenumber, word_table, placex_row):
         add_housenumber(9999, '5432a')
         add_housenumber(9990, '34z')
-        placex_table.add(housenumber='34z')
-        placex_table.add(housenumber='25432a')
+        placex_row(housenumber='34z')
+        placex_row(housenumber='25432a')
 
         assert word_table.count_housenumbers() == 2
         self.tok.update_word_tokens()
         assert word_table.count_housenumbers() == 1
 
     def test_keep_housenumbers_from_placex_table_hnr_list(self, add_housenumber,
-                                                          word_table, placex_table):
+                                                          word_table, placex_row):
         add_housenumber(9991, '9 b')
         add_housenumber(9990, '34z')
-        placex_table.add(housenumber='9 a;9 b;9 c')
+        placex_row(housenumber='9 a;9 b;9 c')
 
         assert word_table.count_housenumbers() == 2
         self.tok.update_word_tokens()

test/python/tokenizer/test_icu_rule_loader.py

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ class TestIcuRuleLoader:
         self.project_env = project_env
 
     def write_config(self, content):
-        (self.project_env.project_dir / 'icu_tokenizer.yaml').write_text(dedent(content))
+        (self.project_env.project_dir / 'icu_tokenizer.yaml').write_text(
+            dedent(content), encoding='utf-8')
 
     def config_rules(self, *variants):
         content = dedent("""\
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ class TestIcuRuleLoader:
                   variants:
             """)
         transpath = self.project_env.project_dir / ('transliteration.yaml')
-        transpath.write_text('- "x > y"')
+        transpath.write_text('- "x > y"', encoding='utf-8')
 
         loader = ICURuleLoader(self.project_env)
         rules = loader.get_transliteration_rules()

test/python/tools/conftest.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ if [ "$*" = "--version" ]; then
 else
   echo "$@"
 fi
-    """)
+    """, encoding='utf-8')
     osm2pgsql_exec.chmod(0o777)
 
     return dict(osm2pgsql=str(osm2pgsql_exec),

test/python/tools/test_admin.py

@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Tests for maintenance and analysis functions.
 """
 import pytest
+import datetime as dt
 
 from nominatim_db.errors import UsageError
 from nominatim_db.tools import admin
 from nominatim_db.tokenizer import factory
-from nominatim_db.db.sql_preprocessor import SQLPreprocessor
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
@@ -61,15 +61,14 @@ def test_analyse_indexing_unknown_osmid(project_env):
         admin.analyse_indexing(project_env, osm_id='W12345674')
 
 
-def test_analyse_indexing_with_place_id(project_env, temp_db_cursor):
-    temp_db_cursor.execute("INSERT INTO placex (place_id) VALUES(12345)")
+def test_analyse_indexing_with_place_id(project_env, placex_row):
+    place_id = placex_row()
 
-    admin.analyse_indexing(project_env, place_id=12345)
+    admin.analyse_indexing(project_env, place_id=place_id)
 
 
-def test_analyse_indexing_with_osm_id(project_env, temp_db_cursor):
-    temp_db_cursor.execute("""INSERT INTO placex (place_id, osm_type, osm_id)
-                              VALUES(9988, 'N', 10000)""")
+def test_analyse_indexing_with_osm_id(project_env, placex_row):
+    placex_row(osm_type='N', osm_id=10000)
 
     admin.analyse_indexing(project_env, osm_id='N10000')
 
@@ -77,8 +76,8 @@ def test_analyse_indexing_with_osm_id(project_env, temp_db_cursor):
 class TestAdminCleanDeleted:
 
     @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-    def setup_polygon_delete(self, project_env, table_factory, place_table,
-                             osmline_table, temp_db_cursor, temp_db_conn, def_config, src_dir):
+    def setup_polygon_delete(self, project_env, table_factory, place_table, placex_row,
+                             osmline_table, temp_db_cursor, load_sql):
         """ Set up place_force_delete function and related tables
         """
         self.project_env = project_env
@@ -91,12 +90,15 @@ class TestAdminCleanDeleted:
                       ((100, 'N', 'boundary', 'administrative'),
                        (145, 'N', 'boundary', 'administrative'),
                        (175, 'R', 'landcover', 'grass')))
-        temp_db_cursor.execute("""
-            INSERT INTO placex (place_id, osm_id, osm_type, class, type,
-                                indexed_date, indexed_status)
-            VALUES(1, 100, 'N', 'boundary', 'administrative', current_date - INTERVAL '1 month', 1),
-                  (2, 145, 'N', 'boundary', 'administrative', current_date - INTERVAL '3 month', 1),
-                  (3, 175, 'R', 'landcover', 'grass', current_date - INTERVAL '3 months', 1)""")
+
+        now = dt.datetime.now()
+        placex_row(osm_type='N', osm_id=100, cls='boundary', typ='administrative',
+                   indexed_status=1, indexed_date=now - dt.timedelta(days=30))
+        placex_row(osm_type='N', osm_id=145, cls='boundary', typ='administrative',
+                   indexed_status=1, indexed_date=now - dt.timedelta(days=90))
+        placex_row(osm_type='R', osm_id=175, cls='landcover', typ='grass',
+                   indexed_status=1, indexed_date=now - dt.timedelta(days=90))
+
         # set up tables and triggers for utils function
         table_factory('place_to_be_deleted',
                       """osm_id BIGINT,
@@ -104,7 +106,6 @@ class TestAdminCleanDeleted:
                       class TEXT NOT NULL,
                       type TEXT NOT NULL,
                       deferred BOOLEAN""")
-        table_factory('country_name', 'partition INT')
         table_factory('import_polygon_error', """osm_id BIGINT,
                       osm_type CHAR(1),
                       class TEXT NOT NULL,
@@ -115,11 +116,7 @@ class TestAdminCleanDeleted:
                                $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;""")
         temp_db_cursor.execute("""CREATE TRIGGER place_before_delete BEFORE DELETE ON place
                                FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE place_delete();""")
-        orig_sql = def_config.lib_dir.sql
-        def_config.lib_dir.sql = src_dir / 'lib-sql'
-        sqlproc = SQLPreprocessor(temp_db_conn, def_config)
-        sqlproc.run_sql_file(temp_db_conn, 'functions/utils.sql')
-        def_config.lib_dir.sql = orig_sql
+        load_sql('functions/utils.sql')
 
     def test_admin_clean_deleted_no_records(self):
         admin.clean_deleted_relations(self.project_env, age='1 year')

test/python/tools/test_check_database.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Tests for database integrity checks.
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ def test_check_database_version_bad(property_table, temp_db_conn, def_config):
     assert chkdb.check_database_version(temp_db_conn, def_config) == chkdb.CheckState.FATAL
 
 
-def test_check_placex_table_good(table_factory, temp_db_conn, def_config):
-    table_factory('placex')
+def test_check_placex_table_good(placex_table, temp_db_conn, def_config):
     assert chkdb.check_placex_table(temp_db_conn, def_config) == chkdb.CheckState.OK
 
 
@@ -55,13 +54,13 @@ def test_check_placex_table_bad(temp_db_conn, def_config):
     assert chkdb.check_placex_table(temp_db_conn, def_config) == chkdb.CheckState.FATAL
 
 
-def test_check_placex_table_size_good(table_factory, temp_db_conn, def_config):
-    table_factory('placex', content=((1, ), (2, )))
+def test_check_placex_table_size_good(placex_row, temp_db_conn, def_config):
+    for _ in range(2):
+        placex_row()
     assert chkdb.check_placex_size(temp_db_conn, def_config) == chkdb.CheckState.OK
 
 
-def test_check_placex_table_size_bad(table_factory, temp_db_conn, def_config):
-    table_factory('placex')
+def test_check_placex_table_size_bad(placex_table, temp_db_conn, def_config):
     assert chkdb.check_placex_size(temp_db_conn, def_config) == chkdb.CheckState.FATAL
 
 
@@ -84,15 +83,22 @@ def test_check_tokenizer(temp_db_conn, def_config, monkeypatch,
     assert chkdb.check_tokenizer(temp_db_conn, def_config) == state
 
 
-def test_check_indexing_good(table_factory, temp_db_conn, def_config):
-    table_factory('placex', 'place_id int, indexed_status smallint',
-                  content=((1, 0), (2, 0)))
+def test_check_indexing_good(placex_row, temp_db_conn, def_config):
+    for _ in range(2):
+        placex_row(indexed_status=0)
     assert chkdb.check_indexing(temp_db_conn, def_config) == chkdb.CheckState.OK
 
 
-def test_check_indexing_bad(table_factory, temp_db_conn, def_config):
-    table_factory('placex', 'place_id int, indexed_status smallint',
-                  content=((1, 0), (2, 2)))
+def test_check_indexing_bad(placex_row, temp_db_conn, def_config):
+    for status in (0, 2):
+        placex_row(indexed_status=status)
+    assert chkdb.check_indexing(temp_db_conn, def_config) == chkdb.CheckState.FAIL
+
+
+def test_check_indexing_bad_frozen(placex_row, temp_db_conn, def_config):
+    for status in (0, 2):
+        placex_row(indexed_status=status)
+    temp_db_conn.execute('DROP TABLE place')
     assert chkdb.check_indexing(temp_db_conn, def_config) == chkdb.CheckState.WARN
 
 

test/python/tools/test_database_import.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Tests for functions to import a new database.
@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@ class TestDatabaseSetup:
     def setup_nonexistant_db(self):
         with psycopg.connect(dbname='postgres', autocommit=True) as conn:
             with conn.cursor() as cur:
-                cur.execute(f'DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {self.DBNAME}')
+                cur.execute(pysql.SQL('DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ')
+                            + pysql.Identifier(self.DBNAME))
 
             yield True
 
             with conn.cursor() as cur:
-                cur.execute(f'DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {self.DBNAME}')
+                cur.execute(pysql.SQL('DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ')
+                            + pysql.Identifier(self.DBNAME))
 
     @pytest.fixture
     def cursor(self):
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ class TestDatabaseSetup:
     def test_create_db_missing_ro_user(self):
         with pytest.raises(UsageError, match='Missing read-only user.'):
             database_import.setup_database_skeleton(f'dbname={self.DBNAME}',
-                                                    rouser='sdfwkjkjgdugu2;jgsafkljas;')
+                                                    rouser='sdfwkjkjgdugu2jgsafkljas')
 
     def test_setup_extensions_old_postgis(self, monkeypatch):
         monkeypatch.setattr(database_import, 'POSTGIS_REQUIRED_VERSION', (50, 50))
@@ -76,8 +78,8 @@ def test_setup_skeleton_already_exists(temp_db):
         database_import.setup_database_skeleton(f'dbname={temp_db}')
 
 
-def test_import_osm_data_simple(table_factory, osm2pgsql_options, capfd):
-    table_factory('place', content=((1, ), ))
+def test_import_osm_data_simple(place_row, osm2pgsql_options, capfd):
+    place_row()
 
     database_import.import_osm_data(Path('file.pbf'), osm2pgsql_options)
     captured = capfd.readouterr()
@@ -90,13 +92,13 @@ def test_import_osm_data_simple(table_factory, osm2pgsql_options, capfd):
     assert 'file.pbf' in captured.out
 
 
-def test_import_osm_data_multifile(table_factory, tmp_path, osm2pgsql_options, capfd):
-    table_factory('place', content=((1, ), ))
+def test_import_osm_data_multifile(place_row, tmp_path, osm2pgsql_options, capfd):
+    place_row()
     osm2pgsql_options['osm2pgsql_cache'] = 0
 
     files = [tmp_path / 'file1.osm', tmp_path / 'file2.osm']
     for f in files:
-        f.write_text('test')
+        f.write_text('test', encoding='utf-8')
 
     database_import.import_osm_data(files, osm2pgsql_options)
     captured = capfd.readouterr()
@@ -105,26 +107,23 @@ def test_import_osm_data_multifile(table_factory, tmp_path, osm2pgsql_options, c
     assert 'file2.osm' in captured.out
 
 
-def test_import_osm_data_simple_no_data(table_factory, osm2pgsql_options):
-    table_factory('place')
-
+def test_import_osm_data_simple_no_data(place_row, osm2pgsql_options):
     with pytest.raises(UsageError, match='No data imported'):
         database_import.import_osm_data(Path('file.pbf'), osm2pgsql_options)
 
 
-def test_import_osm_data_simple_ignore_no_data(table_factory, osm2pgsql_options):
-    table_factory('place')
-
+def test_import_osm_data_simple_ignore_no_data(place_table, osm2pgsql_options):
     database_import.import_osm_data(Path('file.pbf'), osm2pgsql_options,
                                     ignore_errors=True)
 
 
-def test_import_osm_data_drop(table_factory, temp_db_cursor, tmp_path, osm2pgsql_options):
-    table_factory('place', content=((1, ), ))
+def test_import_osm_data_drop(place_row, table_factory, temp_db_cursor,
+                              tmp_path, osm2pgsql_options):
+    place_row()
     table_factory('planet_osm_nodes')
 
     flatfile = tmp_path / 'flatfile'
-    flatfile.write_text('touch')
+    flatfile.write_text('touch', encoding='utf-8')
 
     osm2pgsql_options['flatnode_file'] = str(flatfile.resolve())
 
@@ -134,8 +133,8 @@ def test_import_osm_data_drop(table_factory, temp_db_cursor, tmp_path, osm2pgsql
     assert not temp_db_cursor.table_exists('planet_osm_nodes')
 
 
-def test_import_osm_data_default_cache(table_factory, osm2pgsql_options, capfd):
-    table_factory('place', content=((1, ), ))
+def test_import_osm_data_default_cache(place_row, osm2pgsql_options, capfd):
+    place_row()
 
     osm2pgsql_options['osm2pgsql_cache'] = 0
 
@@ -168,14 +167,41 @@ def test_truncate_database_tables(temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, table_factory, w
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_load_data(dsn, place_row, placex_table, osmline_table,
                          temp_db_cursor, threads):
-    for func in ('precompute_words', 'getorcreate_housenumber_id', 'make_standard_name'):
-        temp_db_cursor.execute(pysql.SQL("""CREATE FUNCTION {} (src TEXT)
-                                            RETURNS TEXT AS $$ SELECT 'a'::TEXT $$ LANGUAGE SQL
-                                         """).format(pysql.Identifier(func)))
     for oid in range(100, 130):
         place_row(osm_id=oid)
     place_row(osm_type='W', osm_id=342, cls='place', typ='houses',
-              geom='SRID=4326;LINESTRING(0 0, 10 10)')
+              geom='LINESTRING(0 0, 10 10)')
+
+    temp_db_cursor.execute("""
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION placex_insert() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+        BEGIN
+          NEW.place_id := nextval('seq_place');
+          NEW.indexed_status := 1;
+          NEW.centroid := ST_Centroid(NEW.geometry);
+          NEW.partition := 0;
+          NEW.geometry_sector := 2424;
+          NEW.rank_address := 30;
+          NEW.rank_search := 30;
+        RETURN NEW;
+        END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql STABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION osmline_insert() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+        BEGIN
+          NEW.place_id := nextval('seq_place');
+          IF NEW.indexed_status IS NULL THEN
+            NEW.indexed_status := 1;
+            NEW.partition := 0;
+            NEW.geometry_sector := 2424;
+          END IF;
+        RETURN NEW;
+        END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql STABLE PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+        CREATE TRIGGER placex_before_insert BEFORE INSERT ON placex
+        FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE placex_insert();
+
+        CREATE TRIGGER osmline_before_insert BEFORE INSERT ON location_property_osmline
+        FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE osmline_insert();
+    """)
 
     await database_import.load_data(dsn, threads)
 
@@ -186,50 +212,53 @@ async def test_load_data(dsn, place_row, placex_table, osmline_table,
 class TestSetupSQL:
 
     @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-    def init_env(self, temp_db, tmp_path, def_config, sql_preprocessor_cfg):
-        def_config.lib_dir.sql = tmp_path / 'sql'
-        def_config.lib_dir.sql.mkdir()
-
+    def osm2ppsql_skel(self, def_config, temp_db_with_extensions, place_row,
+                       country_table, table_factory, temp_db_conn):
         self.config = def_config
+        place_row()
+        table_factory('osm2pgsql_properties', 'property TEXT, value TEXT',
+                      (('db_format', 2),))
 
-    def write_sql(self, fname, content):
-        (self.config.lib_dir.sql / fname).write_text(content)
+        table_factory('planet_osm_rels', 'id BIGINT, members JSONB, tags JSONB')
+        temp_db_conn.execute("""
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION planet_osm_member_ids(jsonb, character)
+              RETURNS bigint[] AS $$
+                SELECT array_agg((el->>'ref')::int8)
+                FROM jsonb_array_elements($1) AS el WHERE el->>'type' = $2
+              $$ LANGUAGE sql IMMUTABLE;
+            """)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("reverse", [True, False])
-    def test_create_tables(self, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, reverse):
-        self.write_sql('tables.sql',
-                       """CREATE FUNCTION test() RETURNS bool
-                          AS $$ SELECT {{db.reverse_only}} $$ LANGUAGE SQL""")
+    def test_create_tables(self, table_factory, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, reverse):
+        table_factory('country_osm_grid')
 
         database_import.create_tables(temp_db_conn, self.config, reverse)
 
-        temp_db_cursor.scalar('SELECT test()') == reverse
+        assert temp_db_cursor.table_exists('placex')
+        assert not reverse == temp_db_cursor.table_exists('search_name')
 
-    def test_create_table_triggers(self, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
-        self.write_sql('table-triggers.sql',
-                       """CREATE FUNCTION test() RETURNS TEXT
-                          AS $$ SELECT 'a'::text $$ LANGUAGE SQL""")
+    def test_create_table_triggers(self, temp_db_conn, placex_table, osmline_table,
+                                   postcode_table, load_sql):
+        load_sql('functions.sql')
 
         database_import.create_table_triggers(temp_db_conn, self.config)
 
-        temp_db_cursor.scalar('SELECT test()') == 'a'
-
-    def test_create_partition_tables(self, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
-        self.write_sql('partition-tables.src.sql',
-                       """CREATE FUNCTION test() RETURNS TEXT
-                          AS $$ SELECT 'b'::text $$ LANGUAGE SQL""")
+    def test_create_partition_tables(self, country_row, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, load_sql):
+        for i in range(3):
+            country_row(partition=i)
+        load_sql('tables/location_area.sql')
 
         database_import.create_partition_tables(temp_db_conn, self.config)
 
-        temp_db_cursor.scalar('SELECT test()') == 'b'
+        for i in range(3):
+            assert temp_db_cursor.table_exists(f"location_area_large_{i}")
+            assert temp_db_cursor.table_exists(f"search_name_{i}")
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("drop", [True, False])
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_create_search_indices(self, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, drop):
-        self.write_sql('indices.sql',
-                       """CREATE FUNCTION test() RETURNS bool
-                          AS $$ SELECT {{drop}} $$ LANGUAGE SQL""")
-
+    async def test_create_search_indices(self, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, drop, load_sql):
+        load_sql('tables.sql', 'functions/ranking.sql')
         await database_import.create_search_indices(temp_db_conn, self.config, drop)
 
-        temp_db_cursor.scalar('SELECT test()') == drop
+        assert temp_db_cursor.index_exists('placex', 'idx_placex_geometry')
+        assert not drop == temp_db_cursor.index_exists('placex', 'idx_placex_geometry_buildings')

test/python/tools/test_freeze.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def test_drop_flatnode_file_file_already_gone(tmp_path):
 
 def test_drop_flatnode_file_delete(tmp_path):
     flatfile = tmp_path / 'flatnode.store'
-    flatfile.write_text('Some content')
+    flatfile.write_text('Some content', encoding="utf-8")
 
     freeze.drop_flatnode_file(flatfile)
 

test/python/tools/test_import_special_phrases.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
     Tests for import special phrases methods
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def xml_wiki_content(src_dir):
         return the content of the static xml test file.
     """
     xml_test_content = src_dir / 'test' / 'testdata' / 'special_phrases_test_content.txt'
-    return xml_test_content.read_text()
+    return xml_test_content.read_text(encoding='utf-8')
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -125,9 +125,8 @@ def test_grant_access_to_web_user(temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, table_factory,
                               phrase_class, phrase_type)
 
 
-def test_create_place_classtype_table_and_indexes(
-        temp_db_cursor, def_config, placex_table,
-        sp_importer, temp_db_conn, monkeypatch):
+def test_create_place_classtype_table_and_indexes(temp_db_cursor, def_config, placex_row,
+                                                  sp_importer, temp_db_conn, monkeypatch):
     """
         Test that _create_place_classtype_table_and_indexes()
         create the right place_classtype tables and place_id indexes
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ def test_create_place_classtype_table_and_indexes(
     """
     pairs = set([('class1', 'type1'), ('class2', 'type2')])
     for pair in pairs:
-        placex_table.add(cls=pair[0], typ=pair[1])   # adding to db
+        placex_row(cls=pair[0], typ=pair[1])   # adding to db
     sp_importer._create_classtype_table_and_indexes(pairs)
     temp_db_conn.commit()
 
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ def test_remove_non_existent_tables_from_db(sp_importer, default_phrases,
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("should_replace", [(True), (False)])
 def test_import_phrases(monkeypatch, temp_db_cursor, def_config, sp_importer,
-                        placex_table, table_factory, tokenizer_mock,
+                        placex_row, table_factory, tokenizer_mock,
                         xml_wiki_content, should_replace):
     """
         Check that the main import_phrases() method is well executed.
@@ -199,8 +198,8 @@ def test_import_phrases(monkeypatch, temp_db_cursor, def_config, sp_importer,
     type_test = 'zip_line'
 
     tokenizer = tokenizer_mock()
-    placex_table.add(cls=class_test, typ=type_test)  # in db for special phrase filtering
-    placex_table.add(cls='amenity', typ='animal_shelter')  # in db for special phrase filtering
+    placex_row(cls=class_test, typ=type_test)  # in db for special phrase filtering
+    placex_row(cls='amenity', typ='animal_shelter')  # in db for special phrase filtering
     sp_importer.import_phrases(tokenizer, should_replace)
 
     assert len(tokenizer.analyser_cache['special_phrases']) == 19
@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ def check_placeid_and_centroid_indexes(temp_db_cursor, phrase_class, phrase_type
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("should_replace", [(True), (False)])
 def test_import_phrases_special_phrase_filtering(monkeypatch, temp_db_cursor, def_config,
-                                                 sp_importer, placex_table, tokenizer_mock,
+                                                 sp_importer, placex_row, tokenizer_mock,
                                                  xml_wiki_content, should_replace):
 
     monkeypatch.setattr('nominatim_db.tools.special_phrases.sp_wiki_loader._get_wiki_content',
@@ -266,7 +265,7 @@ def test_import_phrases_special_phrase_filtering(monkeypatch, temp_db_cursor, de
     class_test = 'aerialway'
     type_test = 'zip_line'
 
-    placex_table.add(cls=class_test, typ=type_test)  # add to the database to make valid
+    placex_row(cls=class_test, typ=type_test)  # add to the database to make valid
     tokenizer = tokenizer_mock()
     sp_importer.import_phrases(tokenizer, should_replace)
 
@@ -276,11 +275,11 @@ def test_import_phrases_special_phrase_filtering(monkeypatch, temp_db_cursor, de
     assert check_grant_access(temp_db_cursor, def_config.DATABASE_WEBUSER, class_test, type_test)
 
 
-def test_get_classtype_pairs_directly(placex_table, temp_db_conn, sp_importer):
+def test_get_classtype_pairs_directly(placex_row, temp_db_conn, sp_importer):
     for _ in range(101):
-        placex_table.add(cls='highway', typ='residential')
+        placex_row(cls='highway', typ='residential')
     for _ in range(99):
-        placex_table.add(cls='amenity', typ='toilet')
+        placex_row(cls='amenity', typ='toilet')
 
     temp_db_conn.commit()
 

test/python/tools/test_postcodes.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Tests for functions to maintain the artificial postcode table.
@@ -11,88 +11,27 @@ import subprocess
 
 import pytest
 
+from psycopg.rows import tuple_row
+
 from nominatim_db.tools import postcodes
 from nominatim_db.data import country_info
-from nominatim_db.db.sql_preprocessor import SQLPreprocessor
 
 import dummy_tokenizer
 
 
-class MockPostcodeTable:
-    """ A location_postcodes table for testing.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, conn, config):
-        self.conn = conn
-        SQLPreprocessor(conn, config).run_sql_file(conn, 'functions/postcode_triggers.sql')
-        with conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("""CREATE TABLE location_postcodes (
-                               place_id BIGINT,
-                               osm_id BIGINT,
-                               parent_place_id BIGINT,
-                               rank_search SMALLINT,
-                               indexed_status SMALLINT,
-                               indexed_date TIMESTAMP,
-                               country_code varchar(2),
-                               postcode TEXT,
-                               geometry GEOMETRY(Geometry, 4326),
-                               centroid GEOMETRY(Point, 4326))""")
-            cur.execute("""CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION token_normalized_postcode(postcode TEXT)
-                           RETURNS TEXT AS $$ BEGIN RETURN postcode; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
-                           CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_country_code(place geometry)
-                           RETURNS TEXT AS $$ BEGIN
-                           RETURN null;
-                           END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-                        """)
-            cur.execute("""CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION expand_by_meters(geom GEOMETRY, meters FLOAT)
-                           RETURNS GEOMETRY AS $$
-                           SELECT ST_Envelope(ST_Buffer(geom::geography, meters, 1)::geometry)
-                           $$ LANGUAGE sql;""")
-
-        conn.commit()
-
-    def add(self, country, postcode, x, y):
-        with self.conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute(
-                """INSERT INTO location_postcodes
-                       (place_id, indexed_status, country_code, postcode, centroid, geometry)
-                     VALUES (nextval('seq_place'), 1, %(cc)s, %(pc)s,
-                             ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(%(x)s, %(y)s), 4326),
-                             ST_Expand(ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(%(x)s, %(y)s), 4326), 0.005))""",
-                {'cc': country, 'pc': postcode, 'x': x, 'y': y})
-
-        self.conn.commit()
-
-    @property
-    def row_set(self):
-        with self.conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("""SELECT osm_id, country_code, postcode,
-                                  ST_X(centroid), ST_Y(centroid)
-                           FROM location_postcodes""")
-            return set((tuple(row) for row in cur))
-
-
 @pytest.fixture
-def postcode_table(def_config, temp_db_conn, placex_table, table_factory):
-    country_info.setup_country_config(def_config)
-    table_factory('country_name', 'partition INT', ((0, ), (1, ), (2, )))
-    return MockPostcodeTable(temp_db_conn, def_config)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def insert_implicit_postcode(placex_table, place_postcode_row):
+def insert_implicit_postcode(placex_row, place_postcode_row):
     """ Insert data into the placex and place table
         which can then be used to compute one postcode.
     """
     def _insert_implicit_postcode(osm_id, country, geometry, postcode, in_placex=False):
         if in_placex:
-            placex_table.add(osm_id=osm_id, country=country, geom=geometry,
-                             centroid=f'SRID=4326;{geometry}',
-                             address={'postcode': postcode})
+            placex_row(osm_id=osm_id, country=country, geom=geometry,
+                       centroid=geometry,
+                       address={'postcode': postcode})
         else:
             place_postcode_row(osm_id=osm_id, centroid=geometry,
                                country=country, postcode=postcode)
-
     return _insert_implicit_postcode
 
 
@@ -105,7 +44,6 @@ def insert_postcode_area(place_postcode_row):
         place_postcode_row(osm_type='R', osm_id=osm_id, postcode=postcode, country=country,
                            centroid=f"POINT({x} {y})",
                            geom=f"POLYGON(({x1} {y1}, {x1} {y2}, {x2} {y2}, {x2} {y1}, {x1} {y1}))")
-
     return _do
 
 
@@ -125,185 +63,198 @@ def postcode_update(dsn, temp_db_conn):
                             BEFORE INSERT ON location_postcodes
                             FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE postcodes_insert()""")
         temp_db_conn.commit()
-
         postcodes.update_postcodes(dsn, data_path, tokenizer)
-
     return _do
 
 
-def test_postcodes_empty(postcode_update, postcode_table, place_postcode_table):
-    postcode_update()
+class TestPostcodes:
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def setup(self, def_config, postcode_table, placex_table, place_postcode_table,
+              load_sql, temp_db_conn):
+        self.conn = temp_db_conn
+        country_info.setup_country_config(def_config)
+        load_sql('functions/postcode_triggers.sql')
 
-    assert not postcode_table.row_set
+        temp_db_conn.execute("""
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION token_normalized_postcode(postcode TEXT)
+            RETURNS TEXT AS $$
+              SELECT postcode
+            $$ LANGUAGE sql;
 
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_country_code(place geometry)
+            RETURNS TEXT AS $$
+              SELECT NULL
+            $$ LANGUAGE sql;
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('in_placex', [True, False])
-def test_postcodes_add_new_point(postcode_update, postcode_table,
-                                 insert_implicit_postcode, in_placex):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', '9486', in_placex)
-    postcode_table.add('yy', '9486', 99, 34)
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION expand_by_meters(geom GEOMETRY, meters FLOAT)
+            RETURNS GEOMETRY AS $$
+              SELECT ST_Envelope(ST_Buffer(geom::geography, meters, 1)::geometry)
+            $$ LANGUAGE sql;
+        """)
 
-    postcode_update()
+    @property
+    def row_set(self):
+        with self.conn.cursor(row_factory=tuple_row) as cur:
+            cur.execute("""SELECT osm_id, country_code, postcode,
+                                  ST_X(centroid), ST_Y(centroid)
+                           FROM location_postcodes""")
+            return {r for r in cur}
 
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(None, 'xx', '9486', 10, 12), }
+    def test_postcodes_empty(self, postcode_update):
+        postcode_update()
 
+        assert not self.row_set
 
-def test_postcodes_add_new_area(postcode_update, insert_postcode_area, postcode_table):
-    insert_postcode_area(345, 'de', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('in_placex', [True, False])
+    def test_postcodes_add_new_point(self, postcode_update, postcode_row,
+                                     insert_implicit_postcode, in_placex):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', '9486', in_placex)
+        postcode_row('yy', '9486', 99, 34)
 
-    postcode_update()
+        postcode_update()
 
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(345, 'de', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)}
+        assert self.row_set == {(None, 'xx', '9486', 10, 12), }
 
+    def test_postcodes_add_new_area(self, postcode_update, insert_postcode_area):
+        insert_postcode_area(345, 'de', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('in_placex', [True, False])
-def test_postcodes_add_area_and_point(postcode_update, insert_postcode_area,
-                                      insert_implicit_postcode, postcode_table, in_placex):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', '10445', in_placex)
-    insert_postcode_area(345, 'xx', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)
+        postcode_update()
 
-    postcode_update()
+        assert self.row_set == {(345, 'de', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)}
 
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(345, 'xx', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)}
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('in_placex', [True, False])
+    def test_postcodes_add_area_and_point(self, postcode_update, insert_postcode_area,
+                                          insert_implicit_postcode, in_placex):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', '10445', in_placex)
+        insert_postcode_area(345, 'xx', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)
 
+        postcode_update()
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('in_placex', [True, False])
-def test_postcodes_add_point_within_area(postcode_update, insert_postcode_area,
-                                         insert_implicit_postcode, postcode_table, in_placex):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(23.5 46.2)', '10446', in_placex)
-    insert_postcode_area(345, 'xx', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)
+        assert self.row_set == {(345, 'xx', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)}
 
-    postcode_update()
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('in_placex', [True, False])
+    def test_postcodes_add_point_within_area(self, postcode_update, insert_postcode_area,
+                                             insert_implicit_postcode, in_placex):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(23.5 46.2)', '10446', in_placex)
+        insert_postcode_area(345, 'xx', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)
 
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(345, 'xx', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)}
+        postcode_update()
 
+        assert self.row_set == {(345, 'xx', '10445', 23.5, 46.2)}
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('coords', [(99, 34), (10, 34), (99, 12),
-                                    (9, 34), (9, 11), (23, 11)])
-def test_postcodes_replace_coordinates(postcode_update, postcode_table, tmp_path,
-                                       insert_implicit_postcode, coords):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
-    postcode_table.add('xx', 'AB 4511', *coords)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('coords', [(99, 34), (10, 34), (99, 12),
+                                        (9, 34), (9, 11), (23, 11)])
+    def test_postcodes_replace_coordinates(self, postcode_update, postcode_row, tmp_path,
+                                           insert_implicit_postcode, coords):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
+        postcode_row('xx', 'AB 4511', *coords)
 
-    postcode_update(tmp_path)
+        postcode_update(tmp_path)
 
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12)}
+        assert self.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12)}
 
+    def test_postcodes_replace_coordinates_close(self, postcode_update, postcode_row,
+                                                 insert_implicit_postcode):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
+        postcode_row('xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 11.99999999)
 
-def test_postcodes_replace_coordinates_close(postcode_update, postcode_table,
-                                             insert_implicit_postcode):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
-    postcode_table.add('xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 11.99999999)
+        postcode_update()
 
-    postcode_update()
+        assert self.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 11.99999999)}
 
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 11.99999999)}
+    def test_postcodes_remove_point(self, postcode_update, postcode_row,
+                                    insert_implicit_postcode):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
+        postcode_row('xx', 'badname', 10, 12)
 
+        postcode_update()
 
-def test_postcodes_remove_point(postcode_update, postcode_table,
-                                insert_implicit_postcode):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
-    postcode_table.add('xx', 'badname', 10, 12)
+        assert self.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12)}
 
-    postcode_update()
+    def test_postcodes_ignore_empty_country(self, postcode_update, insert_implicit_postcode):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, None, 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
+        postcode_update()
+        assert not self.row_set
 
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12)}
+    def test_postcodes_remove_all(self, postcode_update, postcode_row, place_postcode_table):
+        postcode_row('ch', '5613', 10, 12)
+        postcode_update()
 
+        assert not self.row_set
 
-def test_postcodes_ignore_empty_country(postcode_update, postcode_table,
-                                        insert_implicit_postcode):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, None, 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
-    postcode_update()
-    assert not postcode_table.row_set
-
-
-def test_postcodes_remove_all(postcode_update, postcode_table, place_postcode_table):
-    postcode_table.add('ch', '5613', 10, 12)
-    postcode_update()
-
-    assert not postcode_table.row_set
-
-
-def test_postcodes_multi_country(postcode_update, postcode_table,
-                                 insert_implicit_postcode):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'de', 'POINT(10 12)', '54451')
-    insert_implicit_postcode(2, 'cc', 'POINT(100 56)', 'DD23 T')
-    insert_implicit_postcode(3, 'de', 'POINT(10.3 11.0)', '54452')
-    insert_implicit_postcode(4, 'cc', 'POINT(10.3 11.0)', '54452')
-
-    postcode_update()
-
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(None, 'de', '54451', 10, 12),
-                                      (None, 'de', '54452', 10.3, 11.0),
-                                      (None, 'cc', '54452', 10.3, 11.0),
-                                      (None, 'cc', 'DD23 T', 100, 56)}
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("gzipped", [True, False])
-def test_postcodes_extern(postcode_update, postcode_table, tmp_path,
-                          insert_implicit_postcode, gzipped):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
-
-    extfile = tmp_path / 'xx_postcodes.csv'
-    extfile.write_text("postcode,lat,lon\nAB 4511,-4,-1\nCD 4511,-5, -10")
-
-    if gzipped:
-        subprocess.run(['gzip', str(extfile)])
-        assert not extfile.is_file()
-
-    postcode_update(tmp_path)
-
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12),
-                                      (None, 'xx', 'CD 4511', -10, -5)}
-
-
-def test_postcodes_extern_bad_column(postcode_update, postcode_table, tmp_path,
+    def test_postcodes_multi_country(self, postcode_update,
                                      insert_implicit_postcode):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'de', 'POINT(10 12)', '54451')
+        insert_implicit_postcode(2, 'cc', 'POINT(100 56)', 'DD23 T')
+        insert_implicit_postcode(3, 'de', 'POINT(10.3 11.0)', '54452')
+        insert_implicit_postcode(4, 'cc', 'POINT(10.3 11.0)', '54452')
 
-    extfile = tmp_path / 'xx_postcodes.csv'
-    extfile.write_text("postode,lat,lon\nAB 4511,-4,-1\nCD 4511,-5, -10")
+        postcode_update()
 
-    postcode_update(tmp_path)
+        assert self.row_set == {(None, 'de', '54451', 10, 12),
+                                (None, 'de', '54452', 10.3, 11.0),
+                                (None, 'cc', '54452', 10.3, 11.0),
+                                (None, 'cc', 'DD23 T', 100, 56)}
 
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12)}
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("gzipped", [True, False])
+    def test_postcodes_extern(self, postcode_update, tmp_path,
+                              insert_implicit_postcode, gzipped):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
 
+        extfile = tmp_path / 'xx_postcodes.csv'
+        extfile.write_text("postcode,lat,lon\nAB 4511,-4,-1\nCD 4511,-5, -10", encoding='utf-8')
 
-def test_postcodes_extern_bad_number(postcode_update, insert_implicit_postcode,
-                                     postcode_table, tmp_path):
-    insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
+        if gzipped:
+            subprocess.run(['gzip', str(extfile)])
+            assert not extfile.is_file()
 
-    extfile = tmp_path / 'xx_postcodes.csv'
-    extfile.write_text("postcode,lat,lon\nXX 4511,-4,NaN\nCD 4511,-5, -10\n34,200,0")
+        postcode_update(tmp_path)
 
-    postcode_update(tmp_path)
+        assert self.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12),
+                                (None, 'xx', 'CD 4511', -10, -5)}
 
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12),
-                                      (None, 'xx', 'CD 4511', -10, -5)}
+    def test_postcodes_extern_bad_column(self, postcode_update, tmp_path,
+                                         insert_implicit_postcode):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
+
+        extfile = tmp_path / 'xx_postcodes.csv'
+        extfile.write_text("postode,lat,lon\nAB 4511,-4,-1\nCD 4511,-5, -10", encoding='utf-8')
+
+        postcode_update(tmp_path)
+
+        assert self.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12)}
+
+    def test_postcodes_extern_bad_number(self, postcode_update, insert_implicit_postcode,
+                                         tmp_path):
+        insert_implicit_postcode(1, 'xx', 'POINT(10 12)', 'AB 4511')
+
+        extfile = tmp_path / 'xx_postcodes.csv'
+        extfile.write_text(
+            "postcode,lat,lon\nXX 4511,-4,NaN\nCD 4511,-5, -10\n34,200,0", encoding='utf-8')
+
+        postcode_update(tmp_path)
+
+        assert self.row_set == {(None, 'xx', 'AB 4511', 10, 12),
+                                (None, 'xx', 'CD 4511', -10, -5)}
+
+    def test_no_placex_entry(self, postcode_update, temp_db_cursor, place_postcode_row):
+        # Rewrite the get_country_code function to verify its execution.
+        temp_db_cursor.execute("""
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_country_code(place geometry) RETURNS TEXT AS $$
+              SELECT 'yy' $$ LANGUAGE sql""")
+        place_postcode_row(centroid='POINT(10 12)', postcode='AB 4511')
+        postcode_update()
+
+        assert self.row_set == {(None, 'yy', 'AB 4511', 10, 12)}
+
+    def test_discard_badly_formatted_postcodes(self, postcode_update, place_postcode_row):
+        place_postcode_row(centroid='POINT(10 12)', country='fr', postcode='AB 4511')
+        postcode_update()
+
+        assert not self.row_set
 
 
 def test_can_compute(dsn, table_factory):
     assert not postcodes.can_compute(dsn)
     table_factory('place_postcode')
     assert postcodes.can_compute(dsn)
-
-
-def test_no_placex_entry(postcode_update, temp_db_cursor, place_postcode_row, postcode_table):
-    # Rewrite the get_country_code function to verify its execution.
-    temp_db_cursor.execute("""
-        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_country_code(place geometry)
-        RETURNS TEXT AS $$ BEGIN
-        RETURN 'yy';
-        END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-    """)
-    place_postcode_row(centroid='POINT(10 12)', postcode='AB 4511')
-    postcode_update()
-
-    assert postcode_table.row_set == {(None, 'yy', 'AB 4511', 10, 12)}
-
-
-def test_discard_badly_formatted_postcodes(postcode_update, place_postcode_row, postcode_table):
-    place_postcode_row(centroid='POINT(10 12)', country='fr', postcode='AB 4511')
-    postcode_update()
-
-    assert not postcode_table.row_set

test/python/tools/test_refresh.py

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ def test_refresh_import_wikipedia(dsn, src_dir, table_factory, temp_db_cursor, r
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('osm_type', ('N', 'W', 'R'))
-def test_invalidate_osm_object_simple(placex_table, osm_type, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
-    placex_table.add(osm_type=osm_type, osm_id=57283)
+def test_invalidate_osm_object_simple(placex_row, osm_type, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
+    placex_row(osm_type=osm_type, osm_id=57283)
 
     refresh.invalidate_osm_object(osm_type, 57283, temp_db_conn, recursive=False)
     temp_db_conn.commit()
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ def test_invalidate_osm_object_simple(placex_table, osm_type, temp_db_conn, temp
                                       (osm_type, 57283))
 
 
-def test_invalidate_osm_object_nonexisting_simple(placex_table, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
-    placex_table.add(osm_type='W', osm_id=57283)
+def test_invalidate_osm_object_nonexisting_simple(placex_row, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
+    placex_row(osm_type='W', osm_id=57283)
 
     refresh.invalidate_osm_object('N', 57283, temp_db_conn, recursive=False)
     temp_db_conn.commit()
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ def test_invalidate_osm_object_nonexisting_simple(placex_table, temp_db_conn, te
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('osm_type', ('N', 'W', 'R'))
-def test_invalidate_osm_object_recursive(placex_table, osm_type, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
-    placex_table.add(osm_type=osm_type, osm_id=57283)
+def test_invalidate_osm_object_recursive(placex_row, osm_type, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
+    placex_row(osm_type=osm_type, osm_id=57283)
 
     temp_db_cursor.execute("""CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION place_force_update(placeid BIGINT)
                               RETURNS BOOLEAN AS $$

test/python/tools/test_refresh_address_levels.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def test_load_ranks_def_config(temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, def_config):
 
 def test_load_ranks_from_project_dir(project_env, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
     test_file = project_env.project_dir / 'address-levels.json'
-    test_file.write_text('[{"tags":{"place":{"sea":2}}}]')
+    test_file.write_text('[{"tags":{"place":{"sea":2}}}]', encoding='utf-8')
 
     load_address_levels_from_config(temp_db_conn, project_env)
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def test_load_ranks_from_project_dir(project_env, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor):
 
 def test_load_ranks_from_broken_file(project_env, temp_db_conn):
     test_file = project_env.project_dir / 'address-levels.json'
-    test_file.write_text('[{"tags":"place":{"sea":2}}}]')
+    test_file.write_text('[{"tags":"place":{"sea":2}}}]', encoding='utf-8')
 
     with pytest.raises(json.decoder.JSONDecodeError):
         load_address_levels_from_config(temp_db_conn, project_env)

test/python/tools/test_refresh_create_functions.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class TestCreateFunctions:
 
     def write_functions(self, content):
         sqlfile = self.config.lib_dir.sql / 'functions.sql'
-        sqlfile.write_text(content)
+        sqlfile.write_text(content, encoding='utf-8')
 
     def test_create_functions(self, temp_db_cursor):
         self.write_functions("""CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test() RETURNS INTEGER

test/python/tools/test_refresh_wiki_data.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Tests for correctly assigning wikipedia pages to places.
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from nominatim_db.tools.refresh import (import_wikipedia_articles,
 @pytest.fixture
 def wiki_csv(tmp_path, sql_preprocessor):
     def _import(data):
-        with gzip.open(tmp_path / 'wikimedia-importance.csv.gz', mode='wt') as fd:
+        with gzip.open(tmp_path / 'wikimedia-importance.csv.gz', mode='wt', encoding='utf-8') as fd:
             writer = csv.DictWriter(fd, fieldnames=['language', 'type', 'title',
                                                     'importance', 'wikidata_id'],
                                     delimiter='\t', quotechar='|')
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def wiki_csv(tmp_path, sql_preprocessor):
                                    {'wikipedia': 'en:Test'},
                                    {'wikidata': 'Q123'}])
 def test_wikipedia(dsn, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, table_factory,
-                   def_config, wiki_csv, placex_table, extra):
+                   def_config, wiki_csv, placex_row, extra):
     import_wikipedia_articles(dsn, wiki_csv([('en', 'Test', 0.3, 'Q123')]))
     create_functions(temp_db_conn, def_config)
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def test_wikipedia(dsn, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, table_factory,
         'SELECT language, title, importance, wikidata FROM wikimedia_importance')
     assert content == set([('en', 'Test', 0.3, 'Q123')])
 
-    place_id = placex_table.add(osm_id=12, extratags=extra)
+    place_id = placex_row(osm_id=12, extratags=extra)
     table_factory('search_name',
                   'place_id BIGINT, importance FLOAT',
                   [(place_id, 0.2)])
@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ def test_wikipedia(dsn, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, table_factory,
 
 
 def test_wikipedia_no_match(dsn, temp_db_conn, temp_db_cursor, def_config, wiki_csv,
-                            placex_table, table_factory):
+                            placex_row, table_factory):
     import_wikipedia_articles(dsn, wiki_csv([('de', 'Test', 0.3, 'Q123')]))
     create_functions(temp_db_conn, def_config)
 
-    place_id = placex_table.add(osm_id=12, extratags={'wikipedia': 'en:Test'}, rank_search=10)
+    place_id = placex_row(osm_id=12, extratags={'wikipedia': 'en:Test'}, rank_search=10)
     table_factory('search_name',
                   'place_id BIGINT, importance FLOAT',
                   [(place_id, 0.2)])

test/python/tools/test_sp_importer.py

@@ -1,69 +1,70 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+#
+# This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# For a full list of authors see the git log.
+
 from nominatim_db.tools.special_phrases.sp_importer import SPImporter
 
 
 # Testing Database Class Pair Retrival using Conftest.py and placex
-def test_get_classtype_pair_data(placex_table, def_config, temp_db_conn):
+def test_get_classtype_pair_data(placex_row, def_config, temp_db_conn):
     for _ in range(100):
-        placex_table.add(cls='highway', typ='motorway')  # edge case 100
+        placex_row(cls='highway', typ='motorway')  # edge case 100
 
     for _ in range(99):
-        placex_table.add(cls='amenity', typ='prison')  # edge case 99
+        placex_row(cls='amenity', typ='prison')  # edge case 99
 
     for _ in range(150):
-        placex_table.add(cls='tourism', typ='hotel')
+        placex_row(cls='tourism', typ='hotel')
 
     importer = SPImporter(config=def_config, conn=temp_db_conn, sp_loader=None)
 
     result = importer.get_classtype_pairs(min=100)
 
-    expected = {
+    assert result == {
         ("highway", "motorway"),
         ("tourism", "hotel")
     }
 
-    assert result == expected, f"Expected {expected}, got {result}"
 
-
-def test_get_classtype_pair_data_more(placex_table, def_config, temp_db_conn):
+def test_get_classtype_pair_data_more(placex_row, def_config, temp_db_conn):
     for _ in range(99):
-        placex_table.add(cls='emergency', typ='firehydrant')  # edge case 99, not included
+        placex_row(cls='emergency', typ='firehydrant')  # edge case 99, not included
 
     for _ in range(199):
-        placex_table.add(cls='amenity', typ='prison')
+        placex_row(cls='amenity', typ='prison')
 
     for _ in range(3478):
-        placex_table.add(cls='tourism', typ='hotel')
+        placex_row(cls='tourism', typ='hotel')
 
     importer = SPImporter(config=def_config, conn=temp_db_conn, sp_loader=None)
 
     result = importer.get_classtype_pairs(min=100)
 
-    expected = {
+    assert result == {
         ("amenity", "prison"),
         ("tourism", "hotel")
     }
 
-    assert result == expected, f"Expected {expected}, got {result}"
 
-
-def test_get_classtype_pair_data_default(placex_table, def_config, temp_db_conn):
+def test_get_classtype_pair_data_default(placex_row, def_config, temp_db_conn):
     for _ in range(1):
-        placex_table.add(cls='emergency', typ='firehydrant')
+        placex_row(cls='emergency', typ='firehydrant')
 
     for _ in range(199):
-        placex_table.add(cls='amenity', typ='prison')
+        placex_row(cls='amenity', typ='prison')
 
     for _ in range(3478):
-        placex_table.add(cls='tourism', typ='hotel')
+        placex_row(cls='tourism', typ='hotel')
 
     importer = SPImporter(config=def_config, conn=temp_db_conn, sp_loader=None)
 
     result = importer.get_classtype_pairs()
 
-    expected = {
+    assert result == {
         ("amenity", "prison"),
         ("tourism", "hotel"),
         ("emergency", "firehydrant")
     }
-
-    assert result == expected, f"Expected {expected}, got {result}"

test/python/tools/test_sp_wiki_loader.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def sp_wiki_loader(src_dir, monkeypatch, def_config):
 
     def _mock_wiki_content(lang):
         xml_test_content = src_dir / 'test' / 'testdata' / 'special_phrases_test_content.txt'
-        return xml_test_content.read_text()
+        return xml_test_content.read_text(encoding='utf-8')
 
     monkeypatch.setattr('nominatim_db.tools.special_phrases.sp_wiki_loader._get_wiki_content',
                         _mock_wiki_content)

test/python/tools/test_tiger_data.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2025 by the Nominatim developer community.
+# Copyright (C) 2026 by the Nominatim developer community.
 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
 """
 Test for tiger data function
@@ -13,57 +13,10 @@ from textwrap import dedent
 import pytest
 import pytest_asyncio  # noqa: F401
 
-from nominatim_db.db.connection import execute_scalar
-from nominatim_db.tools import tiger_data, freeze
+from nominatim_db.tools import tiger_data
 from nominatim_db.errors import UsageError
 
 
-class MockTigerTable:
-
-    def __init__(self, conn):
-        self.conn = conn
-        with conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("""CREATE TABLE tiger (linegeo GEOMETRY,
-                                               start INTEGER,
-                                               stop INTEGER,
-                                               interpol TEXT,
-                                               token_info JSONB,
-                                               postcode TEXT)""")
-
-            # We need this table to determine if the database is frozen or not
-            cur.execute("CREATE TABLE place (number INTEGER)")
-
-    def count(self):
-        return execute_scalar(self.conn, "SELECT count(*) FROM tiger")
-
-    def row(self):
-        with self.conn.cursor() as cur:
-            cur.execute("SELECT * FROM tiger LIMIT 1")
-            return cur.fetchone()
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def tiger_table(def_config, temp_db_conn, sql_preprocessor,
-                temp_db_with_extensions, tmp_path):
-    def_config.lib_dir.sql = tmp_path / 'sql'
-    def_config.lib_dir.sql.mkdir()
-
-    (def_config.lib_dir.sql / 'tiger_import_start.sql').write_text(
-        """CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tiger_line_import(linegeo GEOMETRY, start INTEGER,
-                                                        stop INTEGER, interpol TEXT,
-                                                        token_info JSONB, postcode TEXT)
-           RETURNS INTEGER AS $$
-            INSERT INTO tiger VALUES(linegeo, start, stop, interpol, token_info, postcode)
-            RETURNING 1
-           $$ LANGUAGE SQL;""")
-    (def_config.lib_dir.sql / 'tiger_import_finish.sql').write_text(
-        """DROP FUNCTION tiger_line_import (linegeo GEOMETRY, in_startnumber INTEGER,
-                                 in_endnumber INTEGER, interpolationtype TEXT,
-                                 token_info JSONB, in_postcode TEXT);""")
-
-    return MockTigerTable(temp_db_conn)
-
-
 @pytest.fixture
 def csv_factory(tmp_path):
     def _mk_file(fname, hnr_from=1, hnr_to=9, interpol='odd', street='Main St',
@@ -73,97 +26,115 @@ def csv_factory(tmp_path):
         from;to;interpolation;street;city;state;postcode;geometry
         {};{};{};{};{};{};{};{}
         """.format(hnr_from, hnr_to, interpol, street, city, state,
-                   postcode, geometry)))
+                   postcode, geometry)), encoding='utf-8')
 
     return _mk_file
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", (1, 5))
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_tiger_data(def_config, src_dir, tiger_table, tokenizer_mock, threads):
-    await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(src_dir / 'test' / 'testdb' / 'tiger'),
-                                    def_config, threads, tokenizer_mock())
+class TestTiger:
 
-    assert tiger_table.count() == 6213
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def setup(self, temp_db_conn, placex_row, load_sql):
+        load_sql('tables/search_name.sql', create_reverse_only=False)
+        load_sql('tables/tiger.sql')
 
+        # fake parent roads
+        for x in range(-870, -863):
+            for y in range(323, 328):
+                placex_row(rank_search=26, rank_address=26,
+                           geom=f"LINESTRING({x/10 - 0.1} {y/10}, {x/10 + 0.1} {y/10})")
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_tiger_data_database_frozen(def_config, temp_db_conn, tiger_table, tokenizer_mock,
-                                              tmp_path):
-    freeze.drop_update_tables(temp_db_conn)
+        temp_db_conn.execute("""
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_partition(cc VARCHAR(10)) RETURNS INTEGER AS $$
+              SELECT 0;
+            $$ LANGUAGE sql;
+            CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION token_matches_street(i JSONB, s INT[]) RETURNS BOOLEAN AS $$
+             SELECT false
+            $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+        """)
 
-    with pytest.raises(UsageError) as excinfo:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", (1, 5))
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_add_tiger_data_database_frozen(self, def_config, src_dir, temp_db_cursor,
+                                                  tokenizer_mock, threads):
+        await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(src_dir / 'test' / 'testdb' / 'tiger'),
+                                        def_config, threads, tokenizer_mock())
+
+        assert temp_db_cursor.table_rows('location_property_tiger') == 6209
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_add_tiger_data_reverse_only(self, def_config, src_dir, temp_db_cursor,
+                                               tokenizer_mock):
+        temp_db_cursor.execute("DROP TABLE search_name")
+
+        with pytest.raises(UsageError,
+                           match="Cannot perform tiger import: required tables are missing. "
+                           "See https://github.com/osm-search/Nominatim/issues/2463 for details."):
+            await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(src_dir / 'test' / 'testdb' / 'tiger'),
+                                            def_config, 1, tokenizer_mock())
+
+        assert temp_db_cursor.table_rows('location_property_tiger') == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_add_tiger_data_no_files(self, def_config, temp_db_cursor, tokenizer_mock,
+                                           tmp_path):
         await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path), def_config, 1, tokenizer_mock())
 
-        assert "database frozen" in str(excinfo.value)
+        assert temp_db_cursor.table_rows('location_property_tiger') == 0
 
-    assert tiger_table.count() == 0
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_add_tiger_data_bad_file(self, def_config, temp_db_cursor, tokenizer_mock,
+                                           tmp_path):
+        sqlfile = tmp_path / '1010.csv'
+        sqlfile.write_text('Random text', encoding='utf-8')
 
+        await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path), def_config, 1, tokenizer_mock())
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_tiger_data_no_files(def_config, tiger_table, tokenizer_mock,
-                                       tmp_path):
-    await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path), def_config, 1, tokenizer_mock())
+        assert temp_db_cursor.table_rows('location_property_tiger') == 0
 
-    assert tiger_table.count() == 0
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_add_tiger_data_hnr_nan(self, def_config, temp_db_cursor, tokenizer_mock,
+                                          csv_factory, tmp_path):
+        csv_factory('file1', hnr_to=99)
+        csv_factory('file2', hnr_from='L12')
+        csv_factory('file3', hnr_to='12.4')
 
+        await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path), def_config, 1, tokenizer_mock())
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_tiger_data_bad_file(def_config, tiger_table, tokenizer_mock,
-                                       tmp_path):
-    sqlfile = tmp_path / '1010.csv'
-    sqlfile.write_text("""Random text""")
+        rows = temp_db_cursor.row_set("""
+            SELECT startnumber, endnumber FROM location_property_tiger""")
 
-    await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path), def_config, 1, tokenizer_mock())
+        assert rows == {(1, 99)}
 
-    assert tiger_table.count() == 0
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", (1, 5))
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_add_tiger_data_tarfile(self, def_config, temp_db_cursor, tokenizer_mock,
+                                          tmp_path, src_dir, threads):
+        tar = tarfile.open(str(tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'), "w:gz")
+        tar.add(str(src_dir / 'test' / 'testdb' / 'tiger' / '01001.csv'))
+        tar.close()
 
+        await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'), def_config, threads,
+                                        tokenizer_mock())
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_tiger_data_hnr_nan(def_config, tiger_table, tokenizer_mock,
-                                      csv_factory, tmp_path):
-    csv_factory('file1', hnr_from=99)
-    csv_factory('file2', hnr_from='L12')
-    csv_factory('file3', hnr_to='12.4')
+        assert temp_db_cursor.table_rows('location_property_tiger') == 6209
 
-    await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path), def_config, 1, tokenizer_mock())
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_add_tiger_data_bad_tarfile(self, def_config, tokenizer_mock, tmp_path):
+        tarfile = tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'
+        tarfile.write_text("""Random text""", encoding='utf-8')
 
-    assert tiger_table.count() == 1
-    assert tiger_table.row().start == 99
+        with pytest.raises(UsageError):
+            await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tarfile), def_config, 1, tokenizer_mock())
 
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_add_tiger_data_empty_tarfile(self, def_config, temp_db_cursor, tokenizer_mock,
+                                                tmp_path):
+        tar = tarfile.open(str(tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'), "w:gz")
+        tar.add(__file__)
+        tar.close()
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("threads", (1, 5))
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_tiger_data_tarfile(def_config, tiger_table, tokenizer_mock,
-                                      tmp_path, src_dir, threads):
-    tar = tarfile.open(str(tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'), "w:gz")
-    tar.add(str(src_dir / 'test' / 'testdb' / 'tiger' / '01001.csv'))
-    tar.close()
+        await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'), def_config, 1,
+                                        tokenizer_mock())
 
-    await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'), def_config, threads,
-                                    tokenizer_mock())
-
-    assert tiger_table.count() == 6213
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_tiger_data_bad_tarfile(def_config, tiger_table, tokenizer_mock,
-                                          tmp_path):
-    tarfile = tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'
-    tarfile.write_text("""Random text""")
-
-    with pytest.raises(UsageError):
-        await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tarfile), def_config, 1, tokenizer_mock())
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_add_tiger_data_empty_tarfile(def_config, tiger_table, tokenizer_mock,
-                                            tmp_path):
-    tar = tarfile.open(str(tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'), "w:gz")
-    tar.add(__file__)
-    tar.close()
-
-    await tiger_data.add_tiger_data(str(tmp_path / 'sample.tar.gz'), def_config, 1,
-                                    tokenizer_mock())
-
-    assert tiger_table.count() == 0
+        assert temp_db_cursor.table_rows('location_property_tiger') == 0